Blackshirts
Paramilitary of the Italian National Fascist Party / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Voluntary Militia for National Security (Italian: Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale, MVSN), commonly called the Blackshirts (Italian: Camicie Nere, CCNN, singular: Camicia Nera) or squadristi (singular: squadrista), was originally the paramilitary wing of the National Fascist Party, known as the Squadrismo, and after 1923 an all-volunteer militia of the Kingdom of Italy under Fascist rule, similar to the SA. Its members were distinguished by their black uniforms (modelled on those of the Arditi, Italy's elite troops of World War I) and their loyalty to Benito Mussolini, the Duce (leader) of Fascism, to whom they swore an oath. The founders of the paramilitary groups were nationalist intellectuals, former army officers and young landowners opposing peasants' and country labourers' unions. Their methods became harsher as Mussolini's power grew, and they used violence and intimidation against Mussolini's opponents.[1] In 1943, following the fall of the Fascist regime, the MVSN was integrated into the Royal Italian Army and disbanded.
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (June 2011) |
Voluntary Militia for National Security Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale | |
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Active | 23 March 1923 – 8 December 1943 |
Country | Fascist Italy |
Type | Paramilitary, Militia |
Size | 351,000 |
Garrison/HQ | Rome |
Engagements | Pacification of Libya Second Italo-Ethiopian War Spanish Civil War Italian invasion of Albania World War II |
Commanders | |
Commandant-General | See list |
Chief of Staff | See list |
Insignia | |
Flag |