Oddar Meanchey province

Oddar Meanchey (Khmer: ឧត្តរមានជ័យ, UNGEGN: Ŏttâr Méanchoăy, ALA-LC: Uttar Mānjăy [ʔoɗɑː miəncɨj]; lit. 'Victorious North') is a province of Cambodia in the remote northwest. It borders the provinces of Banteay Meanchey to the west, Siem Reap to the south and Preah Vihear to the east. Its long northern boundary demarcates part of Cambodia's international border with Thailand. The capital is Samraong.

Oddar Meanchey ឧត្ដរមានជ័យ
Province
Oddar Meanchey Province ខេត្តឧត្ដរមានជ័យ
Prasat Ta Muen Thom Located in Oddar Meanchey province near the Cambodian-Thai border
Seal
Map of Cambodia highlighting Oddar Meanchey
Coordinates: 14°10′N 103°30′E
Country	Cambodia
Provincial status	12 July 1964
Re-established	27 January 1995
Capital	Samraong
Subdivisions	1 municipality; 4 districts
Government
• Governor	Pen Kosal (CPP)
• National Assembly	1 / 125
Area
• Total	6,158 km2 (2,378 sq mi)
• Rank	Ranked 13th
Population  (2023)[1]
• Total	303,358
• Rank	18th
• Density	45/km2 (120/sq mi)
• Rank	18th
Time zone	UTC+07:00 (ICT)
Dialing code	+855
ISO 3166 code	KH-22

The province was created on 27 April 1999, after being carved from the northern half of Siem Reap province and part of Banteay Meanchey. It existed as a province already from 1962 to 1970 under Norodom Sihanouk's Sangkum regime, but later became an administrative no-man's-land, with its status alternating between a province and a district under successive regimes.^[2]

Etymology

Oddar Meanchey means 'victorious North'.^{[citation needed]} The province's name is of Sanskrit origin through Pali and is derived from the words uttarā (उत्तर), meaning 'north', and jaya (जय) which means 'victory'.^{[citation needed]} Khmer Mean (មាន) means 'to have'.

Administrative divisions

The province is subdivided into 1 municipality (krong) and 4 districts (srok), and further subdivided into 19 communes (khum) and 5 quarters (sangkat).

ISO code	Name	Khmer	Subdivisions
— Municipality —
22-04	Samraong	សំរោង	5 sangkat
— District —
22-01	Anlong Veng	អន្លង់វែង	5 khum
22-02	Banteay Ampil	បន្ទាយអំពិល	4 khum
22-03	Chong Kal	ចុងកាល	4 khum
22-05	Trapeang Prasat	ត្រពាំងប្រាសាទ	6 khum

Ecology

This province is in the Dângrêk Mountains. There is a serious problem of deforestation in the area.^[3] However, the first community-based mosaic REDD+ project in Asia was awarded Verified Carbon Standard and Climate, Community and Biodiversity Standard validation for its forest conservation work in the province.^[4]

Forest fires are common in the dry forest and there is much illegal logging as a result of economic land concessions and migrant forest encroachment.^[5]

History

Grave of Khmer Rouge dictator Pol Pot who died in Anlong Veng in 1998.

The mountainous and forested area that now makes up Oddar Meanchey province was part of Siamese province of Monthon Isan from 1795 to 1907 under the supervision of Sangkha. After the neighboring Thai province of Inner Cambodia and Oddar Meanchey were returned to Cambodia in 1907, King Sisowath split the province into Battambang and Siem Reap (Oddar Meanchey was included with Siem Reap). Following the Franco-Thai War from 1941 to 1946 the province was under Siamese administration as Phibunsongkhram province.^[6] The province was returned to Cambodian rule in 1946 following French diplomatic efforts at the end of World War II. The province was officially organized in 1966.^{[citation needed]} During the Cambodian Civil War, the remote area was used as a base by the Khmer Rouge when they fought against the Khmer Republic led by general Lon Nol.^{[citation needed]}

The Khmer Rouge of Democratic Kampuchea led by Pol Pot (Saloth Sar) and Khieu Samphan rebuilt their former jungle bases in the Dangrek mountain range area, along the border with Thailand and made Anlong Veng their base from 1989 till 1997. Oddar Meanchey province is one of the most landmine-ridden areas in Cambodia.^[7]

References

1. "General Population Census of the Kingdom of Cambodia 2019 – Final Results" (PDF). National Institute of Statistics. Ministry of Planning. 26 January 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
2. From coup to casinos: the forgotten frontier of Oddar Meanchey . In: The Phnom Penh Post. 6 July 2001.
3. "Cambodia Signs Avoided Deforestation Carbon Agreements for Voluntary Carbon Standard Project".
4. "FIRST COMMUNITY-BASED MOSAIC REDD+ PROJECT IN ASIA AWARDED VCS AND CCB VALIDATION" (PDF).
5. "Community Forestry International - Oddar Meancheay". Archived from the original on 2012-05-24.
6. Thailand's War With Vichy France
7. "The European Union's Projects in Cambodia" (PDF). foodsecurity.gov.kh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-22.