Phosphorus pentachloride
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Phosphorus pentachloride is the chemical compound with the formula PCl5. It is one of the most important phosphorus chlorides/oxychlorides, others being PCl3 and POCl3. PCl5 finds use as a chlorinating reagent. It is a colourless, water-sensitive solid, although commercial samples can be yellowish and contaminated with hydrogen chloride.
Quick Facts Names, Identifiers ...
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Names | |||
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IUPAC names
Phosphorus pentachloride Pentachloro-λ5-phosphane | |||
Other names
Pentachlorophosphorane | |||
Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) |
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ChemSpider |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.030.043 | ||
EC Number |
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PubChem CID |
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RTECS number |
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UNII | |||
UN number | 1806 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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Properties | |||
Cl5P | |||
Molar mass | 208.22 g·mol−1 | ||
Appearance | yellowish white crystals | ||
Odor | pungent, unpleasant[1] | ||
Density | 2.1 g/cm3 | ||
Melting point | 160.5 °C (320.9 °F; 433.6 K) | ||
Boiling point | 166.8 °C (332.2 °F; 439.9 K) sublimation | ||
reacts | |||
Solubility | soluble in CS2, chlorocarbons, benzene | ||
Vapor pressure | 1.11 kPa (80 °C) 4.58 kPa (100 °C)[2] | ||
Structure | |||
tetragonal | |||
D3h (trigonal bipyramidal) | |||
0 D | |||
Thermochemistry | |||
Heat capacity (C) |
111.5 J/mol·K[2] | ||
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
364.2 J/mol·K[2] | ||
Hazards | |||
GHS labelling: | |||
[3] | |||
Danger | |||
H302, H314, H330, H373[3] | |||
P260, P280, P284, P305+P351+P338, P310[3] | |||
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
Flash point | Non-flammable | ||
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose) |
660 mg/kg (rat, oral)[4] | ||
LC50 (median concentration) |
205 mg/m3 (rat)[4] | ||
LCLo (lowest published) |
1020 mg/m3 (mouse, 10 min)[4] | ||
NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible) |
TWA 1 mg/m3[1] | ||
REL (Recommended) |
TWA 1 mg/m3[1] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
70 mg/m3[1] | ||
Safety data sheet (SDS) | ICSC 0544 | ||
Related compounds | |||
Related phosphorus pentahalides |
Phosphorus pentafluoride Phosphorus pentabromide Phosphorus pentaiodide | ||
Related compounds |
Phosphorus trichloride Phosphoryl chloride | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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