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Riprap

Rock or concrete protective armour / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Riprap (in North American English), also known as rip rap, rip-rap, shot rock, rock armour (in British English) or rubble, is human-placed rock or other material used to protect shoreline structures against scour and water, wave, or ice erosion.[1][2][3] Ripraps are used to armor shorelines, streambeds, bridge abutments, foundational infrastructure supports and other shoreline structures against erosion.[1][2][3] Common rock types used include granite and modular concrete blocks.[4][5] Rubble from building and paving demolition is sometimes used,[3][6] as well as specifically designed structures called tetrapods.

Riprap_Warren_New_Jersey.jpg
Riprap used to protect a streambank from erosion

Riprap is also used underwater to cap immersed tubes sunken on the seabed to be joined into an undersea tunnel.[citation needed]