Robert, Rob, Robbie, Bob or Bobby Henderson may refer to:
- Robert Henderson (Welsh cricketer) (1865–1931), Welsh cricketer
- Robert Henderson (Middlesex cricketer) (1851–1895), English cricketer
- Robert Henderson (footballer), English footballer
- Robert Henderson (rugby union, born 1900) (1900–1977), Scottish rugby union player
- Robert Henderson (physician) (1858–1924), British physician and England rugby union player
- Bob Henderson (Scottish footballer) (fl. 1929–1932), Scottish footballer (Burnley FC, New Brighton)
- Bobby Henderson (footballer) (1917–2006), Scottish footballer (Partick Thistle, Dundee FC)
- Bob Henderson (Australian footballer) (1934–2019), Australian rules footballer for Fitzroy
- Rob Henderson (born 1972), English and Irish rugby union footballer
- Robbie Henderson (born 1982), Scottish footballer
- Robert Henderson (American football) (born 1983), American football defensive end
- Robert Henderson (speedway rider), Swedish motorcycle speedway rider, see 2010 Individual Ice Racing World Championship