Unicameral bone cyst
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A unicameral bone cyst, also known as a simple bone cyst, is a cavity filled with a yellow-colored fluid.[1][3] It is considered to be benign since it does not spread beyond the bone.[4] Unicameral bone cysts can be classified into two categories: active and latent.[4] An active cyst is adjacent to the epiphyseal plate and tends to grow until it fills the entire diaphysis, the shaft, of the bone; depending on the invasiveness of the cyst, it can cause a pathological fracture or even destroy the epiphyseal plate leading to the permanent shortening of the bone.[4]
Unicameral bone cyst | |
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Other names | Solitary bone cyst,[1][2] unicameral bone cyst (not recommended)[1] |
MRI scan: simple bone cyst humerus of a 13 year old boy | |
Specialty | Orthopedics |
Symptoms | Pain, swelling, reduced movement, pathological fracture or no symptoms[1] |
Causes | Unknown[1] |
Diagnostic method | Medical imaging[1] |
Frequency | Age less than 20 years. M:F ratio: 2:1[1] |
A latent cyst is located away from the epiphyseal plate and is more likely to heal with treatment.[4] It is typically diagnosed in under 20 year olds.[1] Although unicameral bone cysts can form in any bone structure, it is predominantly found in the proximal humerus and proximal femur; additionally, it affects males twice as often as females.[1][3]
Treatment options for unicameral bone cysts include invasive approaches such as injections, curettage and surgical fixation, and non-invasive procedures including observation to see if it does not get worse or resolves on its own, plaster casting or restricted activity.[5]