Spermatogonium

A spermatogonium (pl.: spermatogonia) is an undifferentiated male germ cell. Spermatogonia undergo spermatogenesis to form mature spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules of the testis.

Spermatogonium [1]
Germinal epithelium of the testicle. 1 basal lamina, 2 spermatogonia, 3 spermatocyte 1st order, 4 spermatocyte 2nd order, 5 spermatid, 6 mature spermatid, 7 Sertoli cell, 8 tight junction (blood testis barrier)
Histological section through testicular parenchyma of a boar. 1 Lumen of Tubulus seminiferus contortus, 2 spermatids, 3 spermatocytes, 4 spermatogonia, 5 Sertoli cell, 6 myofibroblasts, 7 Leydig cells, 8 capillaries
Identifiers
MeSH	D013093
FMA	72291
Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

There are three subtypes of spermatogonia in humans:

• Type A (dark) cells, with dark nuclei. These cells are reserve spermatogonial stem cells which do not usually undergo active mitosis.
• Type A (pale) cells, with pale nuclei. These are the spermatogonial stem cells that undergo active mitosis. These cells divide to produce Type B cells.
• Type B cells, which undergo growth and become primary spermatocytes.

Anticancer drugs

Anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin and vincristine can adversely affect male fertility by damaging the DNA of proliferative spermatogonial stem cells. Experimental exposure of rat undifferentiated spermatogonia to doxorubicin and vincristine indicated that these cells are able to respond to DNA damage by increasing their expression of DNA repair genes, and that this response likely partially prevents DNA break accumulation.^[2] In addition to a DNA repair response, exposure of spermatogonia to doxorubicin can also induce programmed cell death (apoptosis).^[3]

Additional images

• 
  Transverse section of a tubule of the testis of a rat. X 250.
• 
  Schematic diagram of Spermatocytogenesis Wandimu Geneti

See also

• List of distinct cell types in the adult human body

References

1. Mahla, R.S. (2012). "Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSCs) in Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Testis". PLOS ONE. 7 (4): e36020. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...736020M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0036020. PMC 3334991. PMID 22536454.
2. Beaud H, van Pelt A, Delbes G (2017). "Doxorubicin and vincristine affect undifferentiated rat spermatogonia". Reproduction. 153 (6): 725–735. doi:10.1530/REP-17-0005. PMID 28258155.
3. Habas K, Anderson D, Brinkworth MH (2017). "Germ cell responses to doxorubicin exposure in vitro" (PDF). Toxicol. Lett. 265: 70–76. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.11.016. hdl:10454/10685. PMID 27890809.