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To-do list for Geographic information system:
[ smervin 3/07 added sentence about Harvard Lab (LCGSA) to the History section. Also started separate wiki page about LCGSA but got 'speedily deleted' by zealous Wiki Admin who claimed "no assertion of notability"]
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Regarding the capitalization of this title: the first paragraph says a Geographic..., which would seem to imply that this is a generic term for a class of things called geographic information systems. I don't know--is that the case, or is there a specific thing called the Geographic Information System, which would merit the capitals but would require editing the text here? -- Lee Daniel Crocker
I'm taking some GIS courses right now, and the answer is yes it is a general term. maveric149
It is a general term, but since "GIS" is a very common abbreviation, I think it does merit the capitalisation. -- Sam
Till the second week of April 2013, there used to be a separate Wikipedia page for "Geographic Information Science (GIScience)". I had used the link for another Wikipedia entry. Somehow, any internal Wikipedia link to that entry now reverts to the page on Geographic Information System (GIS). I cannot find out who made that decision, but it is clearly uninformed and absolutely in error. GIScience and GIS are not the same thing. The page on GIScience needs to be reinstated. Lomdii (talk) 12:13, 28 April 2013 (UTC)lomdii,
This article appears to use quite a bit of text copied directly from a USGS page. It should be cleaned up with proper attribution.--Talkswithnumbers 22:40, 23 October 2006 (UTC)
There is an article called "Geostatistics", if any of you have the interest, please help to edit this page with the goal to inform and educate. Bohunk
I veiw GIS as a field that encompases many disciplines such as cartography, statistics, databases, math... As I work, I will try to make links to these other related fields. – Rschulz
I think this page is already too long and broad. For example spatial analysis should have its own page but may be under the title "geographic information science". We should also use the pages geoinformatics and geocomputation to introduce some order. --
GIS is a very broad field and therefore any discussion can only be superficial. I agree we should be linking more to other pages (ie a quick discussion of routing here should link to the related computer science and topology pages; spatial analysis can link to spatial statistics). I do not know if a separate GI Science page is needed, since it is hard to separate from GI System. I have the same issue with geoinformatics and geocomputaiton. Perhaps we can say GIS makes use of methods from geocomputaiton (providing geocomputation can be properly defined). – Rschulz
Right now I am leaning towards leaving the system definition and mentioning the science definition. I also want to include that most uses of GIS only use a subset of all the available methods (ie online mapping only use routing methods). – Rschulz
I think there should be a seperate link to interpolation; perhaps interpolation should be discussed under a math-related heading, somewhere so that this topic may be explored in detail. – Bohunk
I believe the introduction is too complex and uses too many words to describe geographical information systems. It may be simpler to say :-
Geographical Information Systems refer to Databases of information which are interacted with through geographically accurate models (or representations) of the real world information they represent.
Possibly an example of this should be included. i.e. A building in a GIS would be proportional to it's real world counterpart and the address of the building would be represented in the data included in the database entry for the building. A building represented adjacent to this building in the GIS would be physically adjacent in the physical world the GIS models (or represents) Please feel free to edit as appropriate , I'm seeking here for a more concise and understandable introduction. The detail in the current introduction should be kept , but moved further into the entry in my opinion Wallacebiy 23:30, 30 April 2007 (UTC)
I still think the opening description is too long and uses overly pedantic description of exact parts of Geographical Information Systems. Essentially the three words describe it and an elucidation of those three words should open the article not the current overbearing paragraph long sentence ( sorry ) Wallacebiy 16:32, 17 September 2007 (UTC)
My opinion?
Cohen's process definition is superior (and should be cited alongside the ubiquitous component definition, whose citation I stuck into the article): "GIS is best defined as a decision support system involving the integration of spatially referenced data in a problem solving environment." for reference tag: Cowen 1988 "GIS VERSUS CAD VERSUS DBMS: WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES ?" PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING & REMOTE SENSING Vol. 54, No.11, November 1988, pp. 1551-1555. http://funk.on.br/esantos/doutorado/GEO/igce/DBMS.pdf last retrieved 9/17/2010. Hope I'm not stepping on toes here; your rebuttals/changes are welcome.Paulsuckow (talk) 16:12, 17 September 2010 (UTC)
This section: Relating information from different sources is a mess. A lot of the wording is awkward and makes no sense. The last sentence trails off. 76.247.12.93 (talk)
—Preceding undated comment added 04:58, 15 September 2009 (UTC).
I agreed, and did something about it. See what you guys think; i believe it comes closer to helping grandma understand what GIS is all about. The intent of "Relating information from different sources" was originally data manipulation issues within GIS, but I think my more global treatment is an improvement. Whole books have been written (and taught from) about GIS data transformation and manipulation, and perhaps a separate article about this issue is warranted.Paulsuckow (talk) 16:24, 17 September 2010 (UTC)
I went through the first seven sections for read ease, and cleaned it up a bit. I added some sense links and descriptors left out of the thought development. I added applications which were obvious, yet missing. There is no way to remove thought development here from jargon and technology terms, so the flow of ideas and logic was addressed. July 2010 (J.H,) --Mountainway, Boulder, Colorado
The article consistently confuses GIS software with the geographic information system, that is, the data model and the decision processes it supports. Software plays a role, but it should be de-emphasied in favor of process. I may not get a chance to fix this and it wouldn't hurt my feelings if someone else tried. – Casu Marzu
Software is an important part of the traditional system definition, but a complete overview of available GIS software will be too long for this entry. Perhaps we can move the software section to its own page as was done for the Raster graphics / Graphics Programs split. We could also create a separate page for GIS data file formats. – Rschulz
I am thinking about doing the split I proposed, but leaving a GIS software section in this entry, which discusses the different types of software at a high level. This would mention categories such as spatial databases, client desktop gis software and web-based systems: it would not specifically mention any vendors which can be done on the GIS software page. Any comments? – Rschulz
It would do well to fix this, as most scientists and academics using GIS often conflate the software and process themselves such that they don't even understand the difference between GIS and, say ArcGIS. Also, that opening sentence is awful: "A geographic information system or geographical information system (GIS) is a system for creating and managing spatial data and associated attributes." It's tautological and lacking in any real explanation of what GIS is. It should be a one-sentence summation of GIS that, to paraphrase Einstein, explains GIS to your grandmother. Elijahmeeks 20:38, 19 March 2006 (UTC)
The current GIS article seems too long, and it has (as been noted above) conflates the model and software used to implement it. Why not follow the International Journal of Geographic Information Systems move to Geographic Information Science?
One article could then concentrate on the software side (systems) and the other on the data structures and overarching methodology (science).
What do people think? --stochata 10:14, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
'Support breaking into Systems and Science pages. This article is too long and breaking it into Geographic Information Systems and Geographic Information Science would make two more valuable articles. How about we develop the outline for the Science page on the discussion section of the current Geographic Information Science page? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Geographic_information_science --Ray 11:21, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
'Support breaking into Systems and Science pages. Also suggesting consideration as to further split those into separate History of... articles. Willing to contribute to "History of Geographic Information Systems" article and/or corresponding section in the main article. Juhoeemeli (talk) 19:58, 13 July 2010 (UTC)
Why is this article marked as a stub? – Mikeblas 16:31, 22 January 2006 (UTC)
It is not as of March 22, 2006. I see a section is marked as a sectional stub but that's it. --Ray 11:18, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
From a total outsider (me) who is trying to do research into the computer software side of the field this article is confusing. Its unclear from the article whether there are accepted data standards or where you can go to get more information on those standards.Nickjost 16:18, 15 August 2006 (UTC)
I agree, however the GIS field is so broad that it is difficult to create a concise article regarding the topic. I would suggest you explore the Object-relational database, the ESRI website, the vector and raster data model, geostatistics or spatial statistics, topology or geospatial topology, and the open-geospatial consortium (OGC) website. If you need any direction, or are having trouble finding information feel free to ask, I know lots on this subject.SCmurky 16:33, 15 August 2006 (UTC)
Could someone look at article GIS in archaeology to see if material can be merged into this article. FloNight talk 20:17, 15 February 2006 (UTC)
Oppose merge of GIS in Archaelogy into this article. The GIS article is alread far too long. I suggest Wikifing the Archaelogy article. I am about to pull section of the GIS article out into it's own article. --Ray 10:52, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
Would anyone oppose pulling out the University Degree Programs out into a new article? The Geographic information system article is already too long and the University Degree Programs is a really just a list that has the potential to grow immensely. --Ray 10:57, 22 March 2006 (UTC)
I pulled out the degree and certificate portion of this article and was working on it when a group of Wikipedia admins attacked. They were partially correct that such a long list of link does not belong on Wikipedia, however, they did not give me time to clean up the aritcle and just deleted all the info. It is no gone eveywhere except in the history of the GIS article. --Ray 00:33, 24 March 2006 (UTC)
Side note on why the list of links should have never been here
Can raw GIS data be copyrighted? If so, how about maps (including vector graphics) created from said data? (I'm talking here about copyright held by the sources, not by the mapmaker that uses the data to create a map.) --SPUI (T - C - RFC) 01:05, 7 April 2006 (UTC)
There are currently more than 50 links in the 'External Links' section. Most of these are no more useful than what a Google search might turn up. There appears to be a number of links to interactive map sites and GIS data sites. At least one link appears to be an aggregator site for news stories tagged "gis". Many of the links are poorly described (or not described at all) and several are out of alphabetical order. The section is entirely too cluttered to be of much use to anybody.
GIS is a broad topic, and it certainly could benefit from a number of links to outside references, but many, if not most, of the current links should either be deleted or spun off into a separate article, such as the Geographic data article.
Please look through the links and delete any that are not essential to the article. If there are any disputed deletions, discuss them here.
Justin 02:24, 5 September 2006 (UTC)
The article started out correctly with "A Geographic Information System" but went on to incorrectly capitalise it (and Geographic Information Science), although the indefinite article clearly shows that this should not be capitalised. This is not like Global Positioning System or the Internet, where i'm all in favor of capitalisation because they are proper nouns. --Espoo 12:49, 9 October 2006 (UTC)
There's a typo in "Data Creation
Modern GIS technologies rn digital information..."
Also, this sentence does not make much sense: "GIS can be used by a company to site a new business location to take advantage of GIS data identified trends to respond to a previously under-served market. Most city and transportation systems planning offices have GIS sections; and..." Perhaps we can clean this up. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 205.133.162.218 (talk) 13:33, 16 November 2011 (UTC)
I have a tip that Northrop Grumman, while not an agency, is using GIS for something. I just thought it would be useful for the citation needed in "Relating information from different sources" if someone wants to look into it and narrow it down to an actual webpage.
By the way that section seems kind of random for "Techniques used in GIS". To me "Relating information from different sources" equates to miscellaneous, and that’s what the content seems to be. The word Relating seems to be an operating word, but it hasn't been operated.
== POV in THE GEODATABASE I thought someone would have noticed this by now, so maybe I am incorrect. I hesitate to say anything at all because of my obvious connection to the subject. However, the addition made by Ryangis reads to me like marketing copy. Expressions such as "Now more than ever before" and "like never before" do not sound very encyclopedic. Also, other systems have had the functionality for years to "set the transparency in the [raster] file properties to a desired percentage." Anyone else notice this? -AndrewDressel 23:02, 8 January 2007 (UTC)
This section really needs some work. It's very messy, vague and incomplete. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 75.51.70.232 (talk) 14:26, 19 September 2007 (UTC)
I have an issue with this statement:
I understand how "geographical information system" and "geographic information system" or "geographic information systems" can be interchangeably applied, however "geomatics" is not similar to an "information system" - it is a term that encompasses a far broader study relating to geographically-referenced information.... it is more comparable with the term "Geographic Information Science". See a definition for geomatics here:
But what about "geomatics"?
This is a term that has been adopted by governments and private industry across Canada and which is becoming accepted worldwide. It encompasses the art, science, and technology involved in collecting and managing geographically-referenced information. This information can come from a variety of sources: earth orbiting satellites (e.g., the Global Positioning System; RadarSat), air and sea-borne sensors, and ground based instrumentation. Geographical information, manipulated with high tech computer hardware and software, plays an important role in activities such as environmental studies; management of land and marine resources; monitoring of dams, oil fields, and mines for subsidence or movement; navigation of ships and aircraft; oceanography; real estate transactions; and tourism. UNB - Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering
I propose removing the geomatics reference from the introduction section of this article, or rewording it somehow, since I believe it is misleading for the reasons stated above.Plasma east 14:30, 22 October 2007 (UTC)
It is noted that there are at least four articles linked into this GIS 'See also' section:
which each deal with different, specific 'kinds of' applications to which GIS software can and has been put in the world .. and each are in need of some care and attention to be upgraded into Wikipedia standards..
Under the circumstances and given the nature of the articles in question .. it would seem appropriate to move them all and pull them all together into a single, new article entitled GIS applications —Preceding unsigned comment added by Bruceanthro (talk • contribs)
One of the most important issues in contemporary GIS is uncertainty, both in data acquisition and analysis. Uncertainty is little understood by the novice, and even experts have a difficult time when confronted with multiple datasets of disparate sources and types that are used as the basis for analysis. Without a proper grasp of uncertainty, it is very probable--even certain--that GIS users and developers will unwittingly make egregiously unscientific claims. Basic problems like the ecological fallacy and the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) need to be mentioned. Ambiguity, vagueness, spatial error, classification error, boundary errors, etc. should be concisely described. A link should be provided to http://www.spatial-accuracy.org/ and other websites raising awareness for uncerainty. Without a discussion of uncertainty, many core issues faced by the GIS community are invisible to readers of this article. (Reference book Geographic Information Systems and Science chapter 6.)Lulolean (talk) 19:57, 14 May 2008 (UTC) The GIS accuracy depends upon source data. Land Surveyors have been able to provide high level of positional accuracy utilizing the GPS derived positions, www.fgdc.fgdc.gov/standards/documents/standards/accuracy/chapter3.pdf.) the high-resolution digital terrain and aerial imagery, https://njgin.state.nj.us/NJ_NJGINExplorer/IW.jsp) the powerful computers, Web technology, are changing the quality, utility, and expectations of GIS to serve society on a grand scale, but nevertheless there are other source data that has an impact on the overall GIS accuracy like: paper maps that are not found to be very suitable to achieve the desired accuracy since the aging of maps affects their dimensional. Developing a Digital Topographic Data Base for a GIS the topographical maps are the main source of data. Aerial photography and satellite images are extra sources for collecting data. The scale of a map is a very important aspect since the information content depends mainly on the scale of the map. In order to digitize the map, the map has to be checked with the theoretical dimensions, than scanned into a raster format, than the raster data has to be given the theoretical dimension by rubber sheeting/warping. Uncertainty is a significant problem in GIS because spatial data tend to be used for purposes for which they were never intended. Some of the maps were made many decades ago and at that time the computer industry was not even in the perspective. Map accuracy is relatively an issue of minor importance in cartography. Maps use a very constrained technology of pen and paper to communicate a view of the world to their users. Cartographers feel little need to communicate information on accuracy, but when the same map is digitized and input into a GIS, the mode of use changes. The new uses extend well beyond the domain for which the original map was intended and designed. A quantitative analysis of maps brings accuracy issues into focus. The equipment used to make measurements in GIS is far more precise than the machines of conventional map analysis. The GIS accuracy depends upon source data. Land Surveyors have been able to provide high level of positional accuracy utilizing the GPS derived positions, www.fgdc.fgdc.gov/standards/documents/standards/accuracy/chapter3.pdf.) the high-resolution digital terrain and aerial imagery, https://njgin.state.nj.us/NJ_NJGINExplorer/IW.jsp) the powerful computers, Web technology, are changing the quality, utility, and expectations of GIS to serve society on a grand scale, but nevertheless there are other source data that has an impact on the overall GIS accuracy like: paper maps that are not found to be very suitable to achieve the desired accuracy since the aging of maps affects their dimensional. Developing a Digital Topographic Data Base for a GIS the topographical maps are the main source of data. Aerial photography and satellite images are extra sources for collecting data. The scale of a map is a very important aspect since the information content depends mainly on the scale of the map. In order to digitize the map, the map has to be checked with the theoretical dimensions, than scanned into a raster format, than the raster data has to be given the theoretical dimension by rubber sheeting/warping. Uncertainty is a significant problem in GIS because spatial data tend to be used for purposes for which they were never intended. Some of the maps were made many decades ago and at that time the computer industry was not even in the perspective. Map accuracy is relatively an issue of minor importance in cartography. Maps use a very constrained technology of pen and paper to communicate a view of the world to their users. Cartographers feel little need to communicate information on accuracy, but when the same map is digitized and input into a GIS, the mode of use changes. The new uses extend well beyond the domain for which the original map was intended and designed. quantitative analysis of maps brings accuracy issues into focus. The equipment used to make measurements in GIS is far more precise than the machines of conventional map analysis. http://nationalmap.gov/gio/standards. The truth is that all geographical data are inherently inaccurate, and these inaccuracies will propagate through GIS operations in ways that are difficult to predict.
Accuracy Standards for 1:24000 Scales Map
1:24,000 ± 40.00 feet
This means that when we see a point on a map, its "probable" location is within a +/- 40’ area. EKraemer-352P (talk) 16:37, 23 June 2010 (UTC)E.Kraemer
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GIS customisation is the process of adding and/or modifying user interface and functionalities on an existing system to suit the requirements of a customer —Preceding unsigned comment added by Sajeevang (talk • contribs) 09:00, 31 October 2008 (UTC)
No consensus to move. Vegaswikian (talk) 21:45, 17 March 2010 (UTC)
Geographic information system → GIS — per WP:COMMONNAME and this discussion. Note that GIS redirects here. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 20:01, 9 March 2010 (UTC)
I was directed to this page by User:Opbeith to have a request solved.Can anyone help me.
Can anyone get close to any climate organisation e.g NASA or others to get climate information on Nigeria containing average rainfall for all nigerian regions and use isohyets or contour lines to contruct the rainfall information of Nigeria for the Geography of Nigeria article and arrange them on the map in the format provided below.
mm=Millimeters 0 mm - 500mm 500mm - 750mm 750mm - 1000mm 1000mm - 1250mm 1250mm - 1500mm 1500mm - 1850mm 1850mm - 2000mm 2000mm - 2500mm 2500mm - 3000mm 3000mm - 3500mm 3500mm - 4000mm above 4000mm. thanks Netknowle message me! 03:58, 15 June 2011 (UTC)
Please define 'aspect' in this context Peter (Southwood) (talk): 08:35, 30 June 2011 (UTC)
I added definitions for slope and aspect, and linked formulas to context of definition, and a bit of cleaning up "Slope and Aspect" User:Vrkunkel. Sorry i took a while to update this (>1 year!). —Preceding undated comment added 01:21, 12 July 2012 (UTC)
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