Threonine
Amino acid / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Threonine (symbol Thr or T)[2] is an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH+
3 form when dissolved in water), a carboxyl group (which is in the deprotonated −COO− form when dissolved in water), and a side chain containing a hydroxyl group, making it a polar, uncharged amino acid. It is essential in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it: it must be obtained from the diet. Threonine is synthesized from aspartate in bacteria such as E. coli.[3] It is encoded by all the codons starting AC (ACU, ACC, ACA, and ACG).
Skeletal formula of L-threonine | |||
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Names | |||
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IUPAC name
Threonine | |||
Other names
2-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid | |||
Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) |
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ChEBI |
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ChEMBL |
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ChemSpider |
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DrugBank |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.704 | ||
EC Number |
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KEGG |
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PubChem CID |
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UNII |
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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Properties | |||
C4H9NO3 | |||
Molar mass | 119.120 g·mol−1 | ||
(H2O, g/dl) 10.6(30°),14.1(52°),19.0(61°) | |||
Acidity (pKa) | 2.63 (carboxyl), 10.43 (amino)[1] | ||
Supplementary data page | |||
Threonine (data page) | |||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Threonine sidechains are often hydrogen bonded; the most common small motifs formed are based on interactions with serine: ST turns, ST motifs (often at the beginning of alpha helices) and ST staples (usually at the middle of alpha helices).