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TNT

Impact-resistant high explosive / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Trinitrotoluene (/ˌtraɪˌnaɪtroʊˈtɒljuiːn/),[4][5] more commonly known as TNT, more specifically 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, and by its preferred IUPAC name 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, is a chemical compound with the formula C6H2(NO2)3CH3. TNT is occasionally used as a reagent in chemical synthesis, but it is best known as an explosive material with convenient handling properties. The explosive yield of TNT is considered to be the standard comparative convention of bombs and asteroid impacts. In chemistry, TNT is used to generate charge transfer salts.

Quick facts: Names, Identifiers, Properties, Explosive dat... ▼
Trinitrotoluene
Trinitrotoluene.svg
TNT-from-xtal-1982-3D-balls.png
solid trinitrotoluene
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
2-Methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene
Other names
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
2,4,6-Trinitromethylbenzene
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluol
TNT, Tolite, Trilite, Trinitrotoluol, Trinol, Tritolo, Tritolol, Triton, Tritone, Trotol, Trotyl
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
Abbreviations TNT
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.900 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 204-289-6
KEGG
RTECS number
  • XU0175000
UNII
UN number 0209 – Dry or wetted with < 30% water
0388, 0389 – Mixtures with trinitrobenzene, hexanitrostilbene
  • InChI=1S/C7H5N3O6/c1-4-6(9(13)14)2-5(8(11)12)3-7(4)10(15)16/h2-3H,1H3 ☒N
    Key: SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ☒N
  • InChI=1/C7H5N3O6/c1-4-6(9(13)14)2-5(8(11)12)3-7(4)10(15)16/h2-3H,1H3
  • InChI=1/C7H5N3O6/c1-4-2-3-5(8(11)12)7(10(15)16)6(4)9(13)14/h2-3H,1H3
    Key: FPKOPBFLPLFWAD-UHFFFAOYAR
  • Cc1c(cc(cc1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-]
Properties
C7H5N3O6
Molar mass 227.132 g·mol−1
Appearance Pale yellow solid. Loose "needles", flakes or prills before melt-casting. A solid block after being poured into a casing.
Density 1.654 g/cm3
Melting point 80.35 °C (176.63 °F; 353.50 K)
Boiling point 240.0 °C (464.0 °F; 513.1 K) (decomposes)[1]
0.13 g/L (20 °C)
Solubility in ether, acetone, benzene, pyridine soluble
Vapor pressure 0.0002 mmHg (20°C)[2]
Explosive data
Shock sensitivity Insensitive
Friction sensitivity Insensitive to 353 N
Detonation velocity 6900 m/s
RE factor 1.00
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS01: Explosive GHS06: Toxic GHS08: Health hazard GHS09: Environmental hazard
Danger
H201, H301, H311, H331, H373, H411
P210, P273, P309+P311, P370+P380, P373, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformFlammability 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oilInstability 4: Readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition at normal temperatures and pressures. E.g. nitroglycerinSpecial hazards (white): no code
2
1
4
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
795 mg/kg (rat, oral)
660 mg/kg (mouse, oral)[3]
500 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)
1850 mg/kg (cat, oral)[3]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 1.5 mg/m3 [skin][2]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 0.5 mg/m3 [skin][2]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 500 mg/m3[2]
Safety data sheet (SDS) ICSC 0967
Related compounds
Related compounds
 picric acid
hexanitrobenzene
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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