User:Angelapaoletta/sandbox
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with the Bangi language of central Africa.
Fut:future Ipfv1Sg:imperfective 1st person singular Def:definite S:subject (intransitive and transitive) pronoun O:object pronoun V:verb Ipfv:imperfective Neg:negation 1SgO:1st person singular object Pfv1:perfective-1 Caus:causative Pfv2:perfective-2 Poss:possessive 3PlO:3rd person plural object Pfv:perfective Rslt:restive VblN:verbal noun Dem:demonstrative Foc:focus
Warning This page contains syntax errors ("cite%20note") caused by a VisualEditor bug. Do not copy/move content from this page until the errors have been repaired. See {{Warning VisualEditor bug}} for more information. |
Bangime /ˌbæŋɡiˈmeɪ/ (bàŋɡí–mɛ̀, or, in full, Bàŋgɛ́rí-mɛ̀[3]) is a language isolate spoken by <> 3,500[1]: 3 ethnic Dogon in seven villages in southern Mali, who call themselves the bàŋɡá–ndɛ̀ ("hidden people").[citation needed] Bangande is the name of the ethnicity of this community and their population grows at a rate of 2.5% per year.[1]: 1–3 The Bangande consider themselves to be Dogon, but other Dogon people insist they are not.[2] Bangime is an endangered language classified as 6a - Vigorous by Ethnologue.[3] Long known to be highly divergent from (other) Dogon languages, it was first proposed as a possible isolate by Blench(2005). Research since then has confirmed that it appears to be unrelated to neighbouring languages.[citation needed] Heath and Hantgan have hypothesized that the cliffs surrounding the Bangande valley provided isolation of the language as well as safety for Bangande people.[1]:5 Even though Bangime is not related to Dogon languages, the Bangande still consider their language to be Dogon.[2] Hantgan and List report that Bangime speakers seem unaware that it is not multiply intelligible with any Dogon language.[4]
Roger Blench, who discovered the language was not a Dogon language, notes,
- This language contains some Niger–Congo roots but is lexically very remote from all other languages in West Africa. It is presumably the last remaining representative of the languages spoken prior to the expansion of the Dogon proper,
which he dates to 3,000–4,000 years ago.[citation needed]
Bangime has been characterised as an anti-language, i.e., a language that serves to prevent its speakers from being understood by outsiders, possibly associated with the Bangande villages having been a refuge for escapees from slave caravans.[4]
Blench (2015) suggests that Bangime and Dogon languages may have a substratum from a "missing" branch of Nilo-Saharan that had split off relatively early from Proto-Nilo-Saharan, and tentatively calls that branch "Plateau".[5]
Note: The citations [3] and [4] when citing something underlined are from the existing page and are different from the citations [3] and [4] when citing something not underlined. I believe this will auto-update to appropriate numbers when integrating with the existing page because both the existing references and my own will be listed in order of appearance.
Bangime is usually the first language acquired by Bangande children, though Fulfulde is often acquired by adolescence.[1]: 4 Fulfulde, Tiranige, and Jenaama are spoken in nearby regions.[1]: 3 Bangime-Tiranige bilingualism is not common, but possible if required by family or work circumstances, such as intermarriage. There is no intermarriage between Bangande and Marka-Jalla people (speakers of Jenaama) and thus almost no Bangime-Jenaama bilingualism.[1]: 4 Bangande people are neighbored by Dogon and Bozo people. The main occupations in each of these communities are farming and small-scale herding. Most Bangande people are Muslim, however some practice traditional animist religion.[1]: 3
Note: I don't know how to underline the Language Inbox, but the one on the exiting page had more information than mine did so I have deleted mine and copied the one from the exiting page into this sandbox. I have edited it to update the number of speakers.