User:Cplakidas/Sandbox/Byzantine-Arab1
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"[Byzantium] was the only truly ancient, highly developed, and organized enemy confronting the caliphate" under the Umayyads and their first strategic priority.[1]
Arab–Byzantine wars, 629–750 | |||||
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Part of the Arab–Byzantine wars | |||||
Depiction of a clash between Byzantine and Arabs, from the Madrid Skylitzes manuscript | |||||
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Belligerents | |||||
Rashidun Caliphate (until 661) Umayyad Caliphate (until 750) |
Byzantine Empire Armenians | ||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||
Abu Ubaidah ibn al Jarrah 'Amr ibn al-'As Khalid ibn al-Walid Abdullah ibn Saad Muhammad ibn Marwan Hasan ibn al-Nu'man Al-Abbas ibn al-Walid Maslamah ibn Abd al-Malik Abdallah ibn Abd al-Malik Mu'awiyah ibn Hisham Sulayman ibn Hisham |
Theodore Trithyrius † Gregory the Patrician Valentinus Constans II Constantine IV Leontios Heraclius Leo III the Isaurian Constantine V |
9Until the reign of 'Umar II, the Byzantine front had generally been the pre-eminent war theater for the Umayyadcaliphate, both because Byzantium was the largest and probably the richest and most powerful state bordering thecaliphate and because the Byzantine border fronted directly on the Umayyads' metropolitan province of Syria.1 Afterthe catastrophe of the failed second siege of Constantinople of 98-99/717-18, however, the Umayyads for the timebeing abandoned any hopes they may have had of conquering the Byzantines and directed most of their energieselsewhere.118: Thisremained true even when the advocates of expansion came back to power under Yazid[2]