User:DrawingDinosaurs/sandbox
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kannemeyeriidae is an extinct family of dicynodonts, a group of beaked therapsids distantly related to modern mammals, including the eponymous and well known Triassic dicynodont Kannemeyeria. Kannemeyeriids were widespread medium to large-sized herbivores, with their fossils found in Africa, India, Europe, Asia, South America, and potentially even Antarctica. Although geographically widespread, all definitively aged kannemeyeriids are temporally restricted to the Middle Triassic period, although the South American Acratophorus may be dated to the Carnian of the Late Triassic.
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DrawingDinosaurs/sandbox | |
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Skull of Kannemeyeria simocephalus | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Clade: | Synapsida |
Clade: | Therapsida |
Suborder: | †Anomodontia |
Clade: | †Dicynodontia |
Clade: | †Kannemeyeriiformes |
Family: | †Kannemeyeriidae Huene, 1948 |
Genera | |
Kannemeyeriidae historically included all large Triassic dicynodonts, equivalent to the modern clade of Kannemeyeriiformes. Kannemeyeriidae has since been restricted to a smaller assemblage of closely related dicynodonts most similar to Kannemeyeria itself, following the recognition of multiple distinct morphological groups and phylogenetic lineages of kannemeyeriiforms. Some members of Kannemeyeriidae have also been variously assigned to distinct named kannemeyeriiform subgroups in the past, most notably Sinokannemeyeriini/-inae. However, the composition, phylogeny and taxonomy of these subgroups has been variable and inconsistent between studies, and consequently such subgroups are not incoporated into modern kannemeyeriid systematics.
Although historically recognised as a biological family, modern methods of studying their evolutionary relationships (namely cladistics) have disagreed over their monophyly or paraphyly. If kannemeyeriids are monophyletic, they form a clade in which its members are more closely related to each other and a common ancestor than to other kannemeyeriiforms. Alternatively, "kannemeyeriids" may represent an evolutionary grade of species between other clades Late Triassic dicynodonts—i.e. paraphyletic. The monophyly or paraphyly of Kannemeyeriidae, and its subsequent taxonomic validity, remains unresolved due to uncertainties over the internal relationships between individual kannemeyeriids and their evolutionary relationship to other Triassic kannemeyeriiforms, both of which are unstable between every analysis.