User:Mr. Ibrahem/Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Medical condition / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also called prostate enlargement, is a noncancerous increase in size of the prostate gland.[1] Symptoms may include frequent urination, trouble starting to urinate, weak stream, inability to urinate, or loss of bladder control.[1] Complications can include urinary tract infections, bladder stones, and chronic kidney problems.[2]
Benign prostatic hyperplasia | |
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Other names | Benign enlargement of the prostate (BEP, BPE), adenofibromyomatous hyperplasia, benign prostatic hypertrophy,[1] benign prostatic obstruction[1] |
Diagram of a normal prostate (left) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (right) | |
Specialty | Urology |
Symptoms | Frequent urination, trouble starting to urinate, weak stream, inability to urinate, loss of bladder control[1] |
Complications | Urinary tract infections, bladder stones, kidney failure[2] |
Usual onset | Age over 40[1] |
Causes | Unclear[1] |
Risk factors | Family history, obesity, type 2 diabetes, not enough exercise, erectile dysfunction[1] |
Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms and examination after ruling out other possible causes[2] |
Differential diagnosis | Heart failure, diabetes, prostate cancer[2] |
Treatment | Lifestyle changes, medications, a number of procedures, surgery[1][2] |
Medication | Alpha blockers such as terazosin, 5α-reductase inhibitors such as finasteride[1] |
Frequency | 105 million affected globally (2015)[3] |
The cause is unclear.[1] Risk factors include a family history, obesity, type 2 diabetes, not enough exercise, and erectile dysfunction.[1] Medications like pseudoephedrine, anticholinergics, and calcium channel blockers may worsen symptoms.[2] The underlying mechanism involves the prostate pressing on the urethra thereby making it difficult to pass urine out of the bladder.[1] Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and examination after ruling out other possible causes.[2]
Treatment options including lifestyle changes, medications, a number of procedures, and surgery.[1][2] In those with mild symptoms weight loss, exercise, and decreasing caffeine intake is recommended.[2][4] In those with more significant symptoms, medications may include alpha blockers such as terazosin or 5α-reductase inhibitors such as finasteride.[1] Surgical removal of part of the prostate may be carried out in those who do not improve with other measures.[2] Alternative medicine, such as saw palmetto, does not appear to help.[2]
About 105 million men are affected globally.[3] BPH typically begins after the age of 40.[1] Half of males age 50 and over are affected.[2] After the age of 80 about 90% of males are affected.[1] Although prostate specific antigen levels may be elevated in males with BPH, the condition does not increase the risk of prostate cancer.[5]