User:Mr. Ibrahem/Blood sugar level
Concentration of glucose present in the blood / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Blood sugar level, also known as glycaemia, is a measure of amount of the sugar, glucose in the blood.[4] In someone who has not eaten, levels are generally 3.9 to 5.6 mmol/L (70 to 100 mg/dL).[2] Fasting levels greater than 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) on two separate occasions indicates diabetes.[2] Levels below 3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL) is known as hypoglycemia, though levels as low as 2.8 (50 mg/dL) may be normal in those without diabetes.[2][5] After eating levels may be as high as 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL), though decrease to below 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) at two hours.[3] Newborns may have levels as low as 1.1 to 1.4 mmol/L (20 to 25 mg/dL) in the first few hours of life.[6]
Blood sugar level | |
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Synonyms | Glycaemia, blood sugar concentration, blood glucose level |
Reference range | Fasting: 3.9 to 5.6 mmol/L (70 and 100 mg/dL)[2] After eating: Less than 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL)[3] |
Test of | Glucose[4] |
There are different methods of measuring current blood sugar levels including glucometers and continuous glucose monitors.[7] An HbA1C test is a measure of average blood sugar levels over the last 2 to 3 month.[7] Inaccurate measurements may occur with poorly stored test strips, extremes of temperature, high elevation, and certain medications like vitamin C, dopamine, and acetaminophen.[8] Readings may be inaccurately high with sugar containing products on the skin, low hematocrit, high uric acid, or low oxygen levels.[8] Readings may be inaccurately low with poor circulation to the skin, high triglycerides, or high blood oxygen.[8]
The body tightly regulates blood glucose.[9] Glucose is stored in skeletal muscle and liver cells in the form of glycogen; in fasting, blood glucose is maintained at a constant level from these glycogen stores.[9] Glucose is critical for function, particularly of the brain which consumes about 60% of glucose in sedentary individuals.[9] It can be transported from the intestines or liver to other tissues via the blood.[9] Cellular uptake is primarily regulated by insulin, a hormone produced in the pancreas.[9] Approximately 4 grams is present in the blood of a 70 kg (154 lb) human.[9]