User:Mr. Ibrahem/Proteinuria
Medical condition / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Proteinuria is the presence of excess proteins in the urine.[2] This can result in the urine being foamy.[2] Complications can include leg swelling, heart disease, blood clots, and muscle loss.[2] It can be divided into transient and persistent.[2]
Proteinuria | |
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Other names | Protein in the urine |
File:Proteinuria.jpg | |
Foamy and cloudy urine due to high protein including albumin[1] | |
Pronunciation | |
Specialty | Nephrology |
Symptoms | Foamy urine, leg swelling[2] |
Complications | Heart disease, blood clots, muscle loss[2] |
Types | Transient, persistent[2] |
Causes | Transient: Urinary tract infections, fever, exercise, pregnancy, prolonged standing[2] Persistent: Glomerulonephritis, certain medications, diabetes, heart failure, high blood pressure, myeloma[2] |
Diagnostic method | Urine protein creatinine ratio (UPCR) > 45 to 50 mg/mmol[2] |
Differential diagnosis | Dehydrated[2] |
Treatment | Depends on the underlying cause[2] |
Medication | ACE inhibitors, ARBs[2] |
Frequency | Relatively common (adults)[3][2] |
Transient causes include urinary tract infections, fever, exercise, pregnancy, and being on ones feet for a prolonged period of time.[2] Ongoing protein loss in the urine is a sign of kidney damage; with the amount of protein loss linked to the severity of disease.[2] This may include glomerulonephritis, certain medications, diabetes, heart failure, high blood pressure, and myeloma.[2]
Normally urine contains less than 15 mg/mmol or 150 mg/24 hr of protein.[2] Proteinuria is defined as a urine protein creatinine ratio (UPCR) of more than 45 to 50 mg/mmol or a urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) of greater than 30 mg/mmol.[2] Further investigation; however, is not generally required unless blood is present or the UPCR is greater than 100 mg/mmol.[2] Severe proteinurina (>350 mg/mmol or 3.5 g/24 hr) is defined as nephrotic syndrome.[2] The test may be falsely positive in those who are dehydrated.[2]
Proteinuria is relatively common in adults, occurring in about 20% of people.[2][3] Of those with a positive urine dipstick, less than 2% have a serious cause.[2] In Japan, people are routine screened for the condition.[2]