User:Mr. Ibrahem/Pulmonary edema
Medical condition / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pulmonary edema is fluid accumulation in the tissue and air spaces of the lungs.[1] Symptoms may include shortness of breath, lung crackles, and pink frothy sputum.[1] Complications may include respiratory failure.[1]
Pulmonary edema | |
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Other names | Pulmonary oedema |
Pulmonary edema with small pleural effusions on both sides. | |
Specialty | Cardiology, critical care medicine |
Symptoms | Shortness of breath, lung crackles, pink frothy sputum[1] |
Complications | Respiratory failure[1] |
Types | Cadiogenic, non-cardiogenic[1] |
Causes | Cardiogenic: Heart attack, myocarditis, valvular heart disease, heart arrythmias[1] Non-cardiogenic: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pneumonia, pancreatitis, multiple blood transfusions[1] |
Diagnostic method | Supported by lab tests and medical imaging[1] |
Treatment | Cardiogenic: Furosemide, nitroglycerin, non-invasive ventilation[2] Non-cardiogenic: Oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation[3] |
Frequency | Relatively common[4] |
It may occur due to heart failure (cardiogenic) or injury to the lung tissue (non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema).[1] Heart failure may occur due to a heart attack, myocarditis, valvular heart disease, or heart arrythmias.[1] Lung injury may been seen with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and result from pneumonia, pancreatitis, or multiple blood transfusions.[1] The underlying mechanism involves impaired gas exchange.[1] Diagnosis may be supported by lab tests and medical imaging.[1]
Treatment is focused on improving symptoms and addressing the underlying cause.[1] Additional efforts in cardiogenic pulmonary edema may involve diuretics such as furosemide, efforts to decrease afterload such as nitroglycerin, and non-invasive ventilation.[2] Additional efforts in non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema involves supportive care such as oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation.[3]
Pulmonary edema is relatively common.[4] Cardiogenic cases affects more than a million people a year in the United States while non-cardiogenic cases affect about 190,000.[1] The risk of death when hospitalized has decreased from 60% in 1970s to 30% in the 1990s.[1] Pulmonary edema has been described since at least the time of Hippocrates around 400 BC.[5] The term edema is from the Greek οἴδημα (oídēma) meaning "swelling".[6]