User:Mr. Ibrahem/Renal cell cancer
Medical condition / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Renal cell cancer (RCC) is a type of kidney cancer that arises from the tubules of the kidney.[2] Symptoms may include blood in the urine, flank pain, an abdominal mass, and weight loss.[2] It may spread to lymph nodes, lungs, liver, adrenal glands, brain or bones.[2] Complications may include high blood calcium, high red blood cells, amyloidosis, and liver dysfunction.[3]
Mr. Ibrahem/Renal cell cancer | |
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Other names | Renal cell carcinoma, renal adenocarcinoma, hypernephroma[1] |
Micrograph of the most common type of renal cell carcer (clear cell)—on right of the image; non-tumour kidney is on the left of the image. Nephrectomy specimen. H&E stain | |
Specialty | Oncology, urology |
Symptoms | Blood in the urine, flank pain, abdominal mass, weight loss[2] |
Complications | High blood calcium, high red blood cells, amyloidosis, liver dysfunction[3] |
Usual onset | 50 to 70 year old[4] |
Types | Stage I to IV[2] |
Causes | Unknown[4] |
Risk factors | Obesity, smoking, high blood pressure, chronic kidney disease, dialysis, polycystic kidney disease, sickle cell disease, kidney stones[4][2] |
Diagnostic method | Medical imaging, biopsy[4][2] |
Differential diagnosis | Renal oncocytoma, angiomyolipoma, metastases, lymphoma, abscess, renal infarct[4] |
Treatment | Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, arterial embolization[2] |
Prognosis | Five-year survival 90% to 5% depending on stage[4] |
The cause is usually unknown.[4] Risk factors include obesity, smoking, high blood pressure, chronic kidney disease, dialysis, polycystic kidney disease, sickle cell disease, exposure to certain chemicals, and kidney stones.[4][2] It is associated with a number of genetic conditions including Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome and Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome.[4] Diagnosis is generally by medical imaging and biopsy.[4][2]
Management depends on the stage of the cancer.[4] Surgery to remove part or all of the kidney is a central part of treatment.[1][2] Other treatments may include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, or arterial embolization.[2] The five-year survival varies from 90% to 5% depending on the stage of the cancer.[4]
Renal cell cancer occurred in more than 363,000 people globally in 2018 and 74,000 people in the United States in 2020.[1][5] Males are affected more often than females.[4] The most common age of onset is between 50 and 70.[4] It represents more than 90% of cancers that start in the kidneys, with transitional cell carcinoma being the next most common.[5][4] While the first description of kidney cancer dates to 1613 by Daniel Sennert, the first renal cell cancer was described in 1810 by Miril.[6]