User:Mr. Ibrahem/Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
Medical condition / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD, TMJD) is a group of conditions that result in pain and dysfunction of the muscles that move the jaw and the jaw joint.[1] The most common symptoms are pain in the jaw joint and surrounding muscles.[1] Other symptoms may include joint sounds, decreased ability to move the jaw, stiffness, and pain in the face or neck.[1] While it does not result in complications the condition may be long term.[2]
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction | |
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Other names | Temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome, temporomandibular disorder, temporomandibular joint and muscle disorders[1] |
Temporomandibular joint | |
Specialty | Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Oral medicine |
Symptoms | Pain in the jaw joint and surrounding muscles, clicking, stiffness[1] |
Complications | None[2] |
Causes | Unclear[2] |
Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms after ruling out other potential causes[1] |
Differential diagnosis | Ear infection, sinusitis, migraines, temporal arteritis, trigeminal neuralgia[1][2] |
Treatment | Eating soft food, using an ice pack, NSAIDs, bite guard[1] |
Frequency | Common[2] |
In most cases the cause is unclear.[1] A number of theories have been put forwards including injury, osteoarthritis, muscular, neurological, and psychological.[1] Diagnosis is based on symptoms following ruling out other potential causes.[1]
Recommended measures include eating soft food, using an ice pack, NSAIDs, and a bite guard.[1] Physical therapy and stress management may also be useful.[2] The use of bite guards; however, should not be long term.[1] The use of surgery should be avoided.[1] Outcomes are generally good.[2]
Up to 40% of people are affected to some degree and about 4% of adults are newly affected each year.[2] It is the second most frequent cause of orofacial pain after toothaches.[3] The most common age of those affected is 30 to 40.[3] Women appear to be more commonly affect than men.[1] The first modern described was in 1814, though discuss of the problem date back to Ancient Egypt.[4][5]