User:Pseudo-Richard/Filioque
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Filioque (Latin pronunciation: [filiˈɔkwe]), Latin for "and (from) the Son", is a phrase found in the form of Nicene Creed in use in the Latin Church. It is not present in the Greek text of the Nicene Creed as originally formulated at the First Council of Constantinople, which says only that the Holy Spirit proceeds "from the Father":
- Καὶ εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον, τὸ κύριον, τὸ ζωοποιόν, τὸ ἐκ τοῦ Πατρὸς ἐκπορευόμενον
- (And in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, from the Father proceeding).
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The Latin text speaks of the Holy Spirit as proceeding "from the Father and the Son".
- Et in Spiritum Sanctum, Dominum, et vivificantem: qui ex Patre Filioque procedit
- (And in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, and giver of life, who from the Father and the Son proceeds).
The first known case in the West of insertion of "and the Son" into the Nicene Creed was when the word Filioque was added, perhaps unintentionally,[1] to the Latin text of the Creed at the local Third Council of Toledo (589) and its inclusion later spread spontaneously[2] not only in Spain, but throughout the Frankish Empire.[3]and elsewhere.[4] In the 9th century, Pope Leo III, while accepting the doctrine, like his predecessor Pope Leo I, tried in vain to suppress the addition of the Filioque.[3] In 1014, however, singing of the Creed, with Filioqueincluded, was adopted in the celebration of the Mass in Rome.[3]Since its denunciation by Photios I of Constantinople (see the Photian schism of 863-867),[3] the Filioque has been an ongoing source of conflict between the East and West, contributing to the East-West Schism of 1054 and proving an obstacle to attempts to reunify the two sides.[5]