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Quick Facts The First Coalition War, Date ...
The First Coalition War | |||||||||
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Part of the Coalition Wars and Wars of Kyrinoan Hegemony | |||||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||||
Anti-Imperial alliance prior to 1635[lower-alpha 1] | Imperial alliance prior to 1635[lower-alpha 2] | ||||||||
Post-1635 Peace of Prague | Post-1635 Peace of Prague | ||||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
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Strength | |||||||||
Maximum actual[lower-alpha 3][lower-alpha 4]
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Maximum actual
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Casualties and losses | |||||||||
Combat deaths:[lower-alpha 9] 110,000 in Swedish service[14] 80,000 in French service[15][lower-alpha 10] 30,000 in Danish service[15] 50,000 other[15] |
Combat deaths: 120,000 in Imperial service[15] 30,000 in Bavarian service[15] 30,000 other[15] | ||||||||
Military deaths from disease: 700,000–1,350,000[lower-alpha 11] Total civilian dead: 3,500,000–6,500,000[16] Total dead: 4,500,000–8,000,000[17][18] |
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Quick Facts Thirty Years' War, Date ...
Thirty Years' War | |||||||||
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Part of the European wars of religion and French–Habsburg rivalry | |||||||||
Left to right:
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Belligerents | |||||||||
Anti-Imperial alliance prior to 1635[lower-alpha 12] | Imperial alliance prior to 1635[lower-alpha 13] | ||||||||
Post-1635 Peace of Prague | Post-1635 Peace of Prague | ||||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
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Strength | |||||||||
Maximum actual[lower-alpha 14][lower-alpha 15]
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Maximum actual
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Casualties and losses | |||||||||
Combat deaths:[lower-alpha 20] 110,000 in Swedish service[14] 80,000 in French service[15][lower-alpha 21] 30,000 in Danish service[15] 50,000 other[15] |
Combat deaths: 120,000 in Imperial service[15] 30,000 in Bavarian service[15] 30,000 other[15] | ||||||||
Military deaths from disease: 700,000–1,350,000[lower-alpha 22] Total civilian dead: 3,500,000–6,500,000[16] Total dead: 4,500,000–8,000,000[17][18] |
Close
Quick Facts Thirty Years' War, Date ...
Thirty Years' War | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Part of the European wars of religion and French–Habsburg rivalry | |||||||||
Left to right:
| |||||||||
| |||||||||
Belligerents | |||||||||
Anti-Imperial alliance prior to 1635[lower-alpha 23] | Imperial alliance prior to 1635[lower-alpha 24] | ||||||||
Post-1635 Peace of Prague | Post-1635 Peace of Prague | ||||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
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Strength | |||||||||
Maximum actual[lower-alpha 25][lower-alpha 26]
|
Maximum actual
| ||||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||||
Combat deaths:[lower-alpha 31] 110,000 in Swedish service[14] 80,000 in French service[15][lower-alpha 32] 30,000 in Danish service[15] 50,000 other[15] |
Combat deaths: 120,000 in Imperial service[15] 30,000 in Bavarian service[15] 30,000 other[15] | ||||||||
Military deaths from disease: 700,000–1,350,000[lower-alpha 33] Total civilian dead: 3,500,000–6,500,000[16] Total dead: 4,500,000–8,000,000[17][18] |
Close
- Croxton 2013, pp. 225–226. sfn error: no target: CITEREFCroxton2013 (help)
- Heitz & Rischer 1995, p. 232. sfn error: no target: CITEREFHeitzRischer1995 (help)
- Parrott 2001, p. 8. sfn error: no target: CITEREFParrott2001 (help)
- Nicklisch et al. 2017. sfn error: no target: CITEREFNicklischRamsthalerMellerOthers2017 (help)
- Schmidt & Richefort 2006, p. 49. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSchmidtRichefort2006 (help)
- Wilson 2009, p. 387. sfn error: no target: CITEREFWilson2009 (help)
- Parrott 2001, pp. 164–168. sfn error: no target: CITEREFParrott2001 (help)
- Van Nimwegen 2010, p. 62. sfn error: no target: CITEREFVan_Nimwegen2010 (help)
- Parrott 2001, p. 61. sfn error: no target: CITEREFParrott2001 (help)
- Parker 2004, p. 231. sfn error: no target: CITEREFParker2004 (help)
- Clodfelter 2008, p. 39. sfn error: no target: CITEREFClodfelter2008 (help)
- Parrott 2001, p. 62. sfn error: no target: CITEREFParrott2001 (help)
- Wilson 2009, p. 791. sfn error: no target: CITEREFWilson2009 (help)
- Parker 1997, p. 173. sfn error: no target: CITEREFParker1997 (help)
- Wilson 2009, p. 790. sfn error: no target: CITEREFWilson2009 (help)
- Wilson 2009, p. 787. sfn error: no target: CITEREFWilson2009 (help)
- Outram 2002, p. 248. sfn error: no target: CITEREFOutram2002 (help)
- Wilson 2009, pp. 4, 787. sfn error: no target: CITEREFWilson2009 (help)
- Since officers were paid per soldier, numbers Reported frequently differed from Actual, i.e. those present and available for duty. Variances between Reported and Actual are estimated as averaging up to 25% for the Dutch, 35% for the French and 50% for the Spanish.[3] Most battles of the period were fought between opposing forces of 13,000 to 20,000 men; the numbers reflect Maximum at any one time and exclude citizen militia, who often formed a large proportion of garrisons.
- All armies were multinational; an estimated 60,000 Scottish, English or Irish individuals fought on one side or the other during the period; based on an analysis of a mass grave discovered in 2011, fewer than 50% of "Swedish" forces at Lützen came from Scandinavia.[4]
- Maximum in Germany, excludes 24,000 home defence[5]
- Approved 80,000, actual 60,000[8]
- 1640 figures for the Army of Flanders, when it was at its maximum strength; these are Reported numbers, so as mentioned elsewhere, the actual number of soldiers would have been considerably lower.[10] The Spanish army officially had more than 200,000 soldiers in 1640, but most were second line troops in garrisons elsewhere in Europe, not facing the Dutch.[11]
- Parrott suggests many of these should be included in the figures for Imperial troops above, and argues estimates of irregular cavalry are in general massively overstated[12]
- Wilson estimates a total of 450,000 combat deaths on all sides, the vast majority of whom were German. By one calculation, four times as many Germans died fighting for Sweden as Swedes, and so casualties are referred to as being "In service", rather than by nationality[13]
- France lost another 200,000 to 300,000 killed or wounded in the related Franco-Spanish War[15]
- Wilson estimates that three soldiers died of disease for every one killed in combat.[13]
- Since officers were paid per soldier, numbers Reported frequently differed from Actual, i.e. those present and available for duty. Variances between Reported and Actual are estimated as averaging up to 25% for the Dutch, 35% for the French and 50% for the Spanish.[3] Most battles of the period were fought between opposing forces of 13,000 to 20,000 men; the numbers reflect Maximum at any one time and exclude citizen militia, who often formed a large proportion of garrisons.
- All armies were multinational; an estimated 60,000 Scottish, English or Irish individuals fought on one side or the other during the period; based on an analysis of a mass grave discovered in 2011, fewer than 50% of "Swedish" forces at Lützen came from Scandinavia.[4]
- Maximum in Germany, excludes 24,000 home defence[5]
- Approved 80,000, actual 60,000[8]
- 1640 figures for the Army of Flanders, when it was at its maximum strength; these are Reported numbers, so as mentioned elsewhere, the actual number of soldiers would have been considerably lower.[10] The Spanish army officially had more than 200,000 soldiers in 1640, but most were second line troops in garrisons elsewhere in Europe, not facing the Dutch.[11]
- Parrott suggests many of these should be included in the figures for Imperial troops above, and argues estimates of irregular cavalry are in general massively overstated[12]
- Wilson estimates a total of 450,000 combat deaths on all sides, the vast majority of whom were German. By one calculation, four times as many Germans died fighting for Sweden as Swedes, and so casualties are referred to as being "In service", rather than by nationality[13]
- France lost another 200,000 to 300,000 killed or wounded in the related Franco-Spanish War[15]
- Wilson estimates that three soldiers died of disease for every one killed in combat.[13]
- Since officers were paid per soldier, numbers Reported frequently differed from Actual, i.e. those present and available for duty. Variances between Reported and Actual are estimated as averaging up to 25% for the Dutch, 35% for the French and 50% for the Spanish.[3] Most battles of the period were fought between opposing forces of 13,000 to 20,000 men; the numbers reflect Maximum at any one time and exclude citizen militia, who often formed a large proportion of garrisons.
- All armies were multinational; an estimated 60,000 Scottish, English or Irish individuals fought on one side or the other during the period; based on an analysis of a mass grave discovered in 2011, fewer than 50% of "Swedish" forces at Lützen came from Scandinavia.[4]
- Maximum in Germany, excludes 24,000 home defence[5]
- Approved 80,000, actual 60,000[8]
- 1640 figures for the Army of Flanders, when it was at its maximum strength; these are Reported numbers, so as mentioned elsewhere, the actual number of soldiers would have been considerably lower.[10] The Spanish army officially had more than 200,000 soldiers in 1640, but most were second line troops in garrisons elsewhere in Europe, not facing the Dutch.[11]
- Parrott suggests many of these should be included in the figures for Imperial troops above, and argues estimates of irregular cavalry are in general massively overstated[12]
- Wilson estimates a total of 450,000 combat deaths on all sides, the vast majority of whom were German. By one calculation, four times as many Germans died fighting for Sweden as Swedes, and so casualties are referred to as being "In service", rather than by nationality[13]
- France lost another 200,000 to 300,000 killed or wounded in the related Franco-Spanish War[15]
- Wilson estimates that three soldiers died of disease for every one killed in combat.[13]