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https://hackage.haskell.org/package/compose-ltr left-to-right composition
https://stackoverflow.com/tags?page=2&tab=popular
cf: Ernst von Salomon https://www.worldcat.org/title/answers-of-ernst-von-salomon-to-the-131-questions-in-the-allied-military-government-fragebogen/oclc/1509800
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"Power: capacity for A to influence the behavior of B so that B acts in accordance with A's intent." —Robbins & Judge 14th ed. https://othjournal.com/2019/03/04/vulnerabilities-of-multi-domain-command-and-control-part-1/ https://othjournal.com/2019/03/06/vulnerabilities-of-multi-domain-command-and-control-part-2/ http://c4i-technology-news.blogspot.com/2011/12/us-armys-common-operating-environment.html https://breakingdefense.com/2019/12/from-the-baltic-to-black-seas-defender-exercise-goes-big-with-a-big-price-tag/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0957417496000309 A hybrid expert system for scheduling the U.S. Army's Close Combat Tactical Trainer (CCTT) https://asc.army.mil/web/portfolio-item/close-combat-tactical-trainer-cctt/ CLOSE COMBAT TACTICAL TRAINER (CCTT) https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2017/12/06/the_next_revolution_in_military_affairs_multi-domain_command_and_control_112741.html https://www.japcc.org/multi-domain-command-and-control/ https://www.dvidshub.net/feature/rapidforge2019 https://www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/Doctrine/pubs/jp1_ch1.pdf?ver=2019-02-11-174350-967 https://breakingdefense.com/2019/01/hack-jam-sense-shoot-army-creates-1st-multi-domain-unit/ https://www.dvidshub.net/image/5932060/i2cews-factsheet https://www.dvidshub.net/news/306986/new-space-cyber-battalion-activates-jblm
https://www3.nd.edu/~sbernste/LewisTCTI.pdf https://v4.chriskrycho.com/2016/the-covering-law-model.html https://perso.uclouvain.be/peter.verdee/counterfactuals/lewis3.pdf https://www.jstor.org/stable/25592003?seq=33#metadata_info_tab_contents How Science Textbooks Treat Scientific Method: A Philosopher's Perspective https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-011-1735-7_1 The Deductive-Nomological Model Briefly Revisited At the cost of restating the points above (I retain the abbreviations listed above, and the names of the sources from the Scientific method article), I summarize in one thread:
References
Black hole: accretion disk, far side, shadow, underside, and photon ring
OK, I am going to write out a tutorial here which is not meant to go into the article; it is written in terms of understanding the imaging problem for M87*, and hopefully Sagittarius A*, which is the next step.
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a radio telescope, meaning that the electromagnetic wavelengths (millimeters) which EHT observes are much longer than visible light's wavelengths. The analog to the beam of light we are used to, for visible light, is spread out, like the flashlight beam we use in summer camp. The central bright beam is surrounded by successive dark and bright rings (called phases), like a searchlight. Instead of pointing the searchlight by hand, EHT uses a basic technique for interferometry; the bright and dark rings of sensitivity of EHT are built up of individual beams received by each individual telescope. Instead of emitting light, EHT observes light (in the radio spectrum rather than the visible spectrum of light). This lets EHT form an observation beam almost as wide as Earth. By summing up the dark and bright rings of sensitivity, EHT can be pointed at M87*. This synthetic aperture allows EHT to be pointed at M87* much more precisely than its component telescopes. When EHT turns on its receivers the radio signal is synchronized to the same clock standard for each individual telescope.
EHT observed M87* for four successive night, with this synchronized network of telescopes. The observational problem was to distinguish M87* from its background. One data processing problem was to handle the empty spaces between the point sources which make up galaxy M87, while keeping the relevant signal from M87*.
Clarence K.K. Chinn
References
The basis of the Haskell programming language can be found in Miranda, a proprietary language of David Turner. The aim was to concentrate functional programming concepts as open source without reinventing functional programming over and over. As a result, Haskell has a small cohesive core which has remained stable for thirty years. Discussing the Girard-Reynolds isomorphism can make the Haskell Core understandable;[1] Core is really the implementation of the Girard-Reynolds type system.
Expr
is about seven lines of Haskell code (a sum type) in Haskell Core.[1]mr = (. map).(.).foldr
--credit: Udo Stenzel's derivation. ghci consumes this without complaint. Other languages implement it with thousandfold (or more) increases in lines of code. --16:44, 24 March 2019 (UTC)15:32, 13 March 2019
The scientific method is an empirical method of acquiring knowledge that has characterized the development of science since at least the 17th century. It involves careful observation, applying rigorous skepticism about what is observed, given that cognitive assumptions can distort how one interprets the observation. It involves formulating hypotheses, via induction, based on such observations; experimental and measurement-based testing of deductions drawn from the hypotheses; and refinement (or elimination) of the hypotheses based on the experimental findings. These are principles of the scientific method, as distinguished from a definitive series of steps applicable to all scientific enterprises.[3][4][5]
Though diverse models for the scientific method are available, there is in general a continuous process that includes observations about the natural world. People are naturally inquisitive, so they often come up with questions about things they see or hear, and they often develop ideas or hypotheses about why things are the way they are. The best hypotheses lead to predictions that can be tested in various ways. The most conclusive testing of hypotheses comes from reasoning based on carefully controlled experimental data. Depending on how well additional tests match the predictions, the original hypothesis may require refinement, alteration, expansion or even rejection. If a particular hypothesis becomes very well supported, a general theory may be developed.[6]
Although procedures vary from one field of inquiry to another, they are frequently the same from one to another. The process of the scientific method involves making conjectures (hypotheses), deriving predictions from them as logical consequences, and then carrying out experiments or empirical observations based on those predictions.[7][8] A hypothesis is a conjecture, based on knowledge obtained while seeking answers to the question. The hypothesis might be very specific, or it might be broad. Scientists then test hypotheses by conducting experiments or studies. A scientific hypothesis must be falsifiable, implying that it is possible to identify a possible outcome of an experiment or observation that conflicts with predictions deduced from the hypothesis; otherwise, the hypothesis cannot be meaningfully tested.[9]
The purpose of an experiment is to determine whether observations agree with or conflict with the predictions derived from a hypothesis.[10] Experiments can take place anywhere from a garage to CERN's Large Hadron Collider. There are difficulties in a formulaic statement of method, however. Though the scientific method is often presented as a fixed sequence of steps, it represents rather a set of general principles.[11] Not all steps take place in every scientific inquiry (nor to the same degree), and they are not always in the same order.[12][13] Some philosophers and scientists have argued that there is no scientific method; they include physicist Lee Smolin[14] and philosopher Paul Feyerabend (in his Against Method). Robert Nola and Howard Sankey remark that "For some, the whole idea of a theory of scientific method is yester-year's debate, the continuation of which can be summed up as yet more of the proverbial deceased equine castigation. We beg to differ."[15]
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