VVER
Soviet / Russian nuclear reactor type / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The water-water energetic reactor (WWER),[1] or VVER (from Russian: водо-водяной энергетический реактор; transliterates as vodo-vodyanoi enyergeticheskiy reaktor; water-water power reactor) is a series of pressurized water reactor designs originally developed in the Soviet Union, and now Russia, by OKB Gidropress.[2] The idea of such a reactor was proposed at the Kurchatov Institute by Savely Moiseevich Feinberg. VVER were originally developed before the 1970s, and have been continually updated. As a result, the name VVER is associated with a wide variety of reactor designs spanning from generation I reactors to modern generation III+ reactor designs. Power output ranges from 70 to 1300 MWe, with designs of up to 1700 MWe in development.[3][4] The first prototype VVER-210 was built at the Novovoronezh Nuclear Power Plant.
| VVER reactor class | |
|---|---|
View of the Balakovo Nuclear Power Plant site, with four operational VVER-1000 reactors. | |
| Generation | Generation I reactor Generation II reactor Generation III reactor Generation III+ reactor |
| Reactor concept | Pressurized water reactor |
| Reactor line | VVER (Voda Voda Energo Reactor) |
| Reactor types | VVER-210 VVER-365 VVER-440 VVER-1000 VVER-1200 VVER-TOI |
| Main parameters of the reactor core | |
| Fuel (fissile material) | 235U (LEU) |
| Fuel state | Solid |
| Neutron energy spectrum | Thermal |
| Primary control method | Control rods |
| Primary moderator | Water |
| Primary coolant | Liquid (light water) |
| Reactor usage | |
| Primary use | Generation of electricity |
| Power (thermal) | VVER-210: 760 MWth VVER-365: 1,325 MWth VVER-440: 1,375 MWth VVER-1000: 3,000 MWth VVER-1200: 3,212 MWth VVER-TOI: 3,300 MWth |
| Power (electric) | VVER-210: 210 MWel VVER-365: 365 MWel VVER-440: 440 MWel VVER-1000: 1,000 MWel VVER-1200: 1,200 MWel VVER-TOI: 1,300 MWel |
VVER power stations have mostly been installed in Russia and the former Soviet Union, but also in China, the Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Slovakia, Bulgaria, India, Iran and Ukraine. Countries that are planning to introduce VVER reactors include Bangladesh, Egypt, Jordan, and Turkey.