Voiceless labial–velar fricative
Consonantal sound / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The voiceless labial–velar fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨xʷ⟩ or occasionally ⟨ʍ⟩. The letter ⟨ʍ⟩ was defined as a voiceless [w̥] until 1979, when it was defined as a fricative with the place of articulation of [k͡p] the same way that [w] is an approximant with the place of articulation of [ɡ͡b]. However, the IPA Handbook treats it as both a "fricative" (IPA 1999: ix) and as an "approximate" (IPA 1999: 136).
Voiceless labial–velar fricative | |||
---|---|---|---|
xʷ | |||
ʍ | |||
IPA Number | 169 | ||
Encoding | |||
Entity (decimal) | ʍ | ||
Unicode (hex) | U+028D | ||
X-SAMPA | W | ||
Braille | |||
|
Voiceless labial–velar approximant | |
---|---|
w̥ | |
ʍ | |
IPA Number | 170+402A |
Audio sample | |
Encoding | |
X-SAMPA | w_0 |
Some linguists posit voiceless approximants distinct from voiceless fricatives. To them, English /ʍ/ is an approximant [w̥],[1] a labialized glottal fricative [hʷ], or an [hw] sequence, not a velar fricative.[2] Scots /ʍ/ has been described as a velar fricative,[3] especially in older Scots, where it was [xw].[4] Other linguists believe that a "voiceless approximant" is a contradiction in terms, and so [w̥] must be the same as [xʷ]. Ladefoged and Maddieson were unable to confirm that any language has fricatives produced at two places of articulation, like labial and velar.[5] They conclude that "if it is a fricative, it is better described as a voiceless labialized velar fricative".[6]