Designation |
Origin |
Designer & producer |
Year |
Cartridge length (mm) |
Sub-projectile length (mm) |
Penetrator dimension (⌀ mm × mm) |
L/D ratio (sub-projectile / penetrator only) |
Penetrator material & weight (kg) |
Sub-projectile weight with sabot / without sabot (kg) |
Weight, complete round (kg) |
Propellant type & weight |
Chamber pressure (MPa) |
Muzzle velocity (m/s) |
Velocity drop (m/s at m) |
Perforation at normal and oblique incidences |
Notes |
DM13 |
Germany |
Rheinmetall |
1979 |
888 mm |
457.7 mm |
⌀ 38-26 × 315 mm |
8:1 |
Tungsten alloy |
7.22 kg / 4.64 kg |
18.7 kg |
7.3 kg |
510 MPa |
1650 m/s[4] (L/44) |
75 m/s (at 1000 m) |
NATO single heavy target at 68° at 2000 m |
|
OFL 120 G1 |
France |
GIAT |
1981 |
977 mm |
541.5 mm |
⌀ 26 mm × 375 mm |
14.4:1 |
18 density DENAL DX 130 R tungsten alloy[5] |
6.2 kg / 3.78 kg |
18.75 kg[6] |
7.45 kg of B19T |
416 MPa |
1630 m/s (1981) 1650 m/s (upgraded, 1987) 1780 m/s[i] (all L/52) |
60 m/s (at 1000 m) |
420 mm at 1000 m,[7] defeat the NATO Single heavy target at 8000 m and the Triple heavy target at 7000 m or 8400 m |
Use the same penetrator as the OFL 105 F1 105 mm APFSDS in a larger sabot. Upgraded with Israeli-style steel fins instead of aluminium in 1987.[8] |
DM23 |
Germany |
Rheinmetall |
1982[9] |
884 mm |
457.7 mm |
⌀ 32 × 360 mm |
12:1 |
Tungsten alloy |
7.2 kg / 4.3 kg or 4.6 kg |
|
7.3 kg[9] |
|
1640 m/s[10] or 1650 m/s[4] (L/44) |
56 m/s (at 1000 m)
111 m/s (at 1000 m) |
420 mm at 2000 m |
Produced under licence by Switzerland as Pfeil Pat 87 |
M829 |
USA |
Alliant Techsystems |
1984 |
935 mm[11] |
616 mm[12] |
⌀ 27 × 460 mm |
23:1 / 17:1 |
Depleted uranium alloy, 3.94 kg[13] |
7.1 kg[14] / 4.27 kg |
18.7 kg[11] |
8.1 kg of JA-2 (double-base) |
509 MPa |
1670 m/s[15] (L/44) |
62 m/s (at 1000 m)
123 m/s (at 2000 m) |
525 mm[16] to 540 mm at 2000 m (LoS 60°)[17] |
Actual average diameter is around 24.2 mm, 27 mm is the maximum diameter of the buttress threads. |
DM33 |
Germany |
Rheinmetall |
1987 |
|
|
⌀ 28[18] × 510 mm |
20:1 / 19:1[18] |
Tungsten alloy |
7.3 kg / 4.6 kg[19] |
19 kg[19] |
7.6 kg of 7-hole grain-type |
515 MPa[20] |
1650 m/s[4] (L/44) |
75 m/s (at 1000 m)[18] 120 m/s (at 2000 m) |
480 mm at 2000 m |
Produced under licence by Japan as JM33 and by Switzerland as Pfeil Pat 90 |
M829A1 |
USA |
Alliant Techsystems |
1988 |
984 mm[21] |
778 mm |
⌀ 21.6 × 680[22] mm |
35:1 / 31:1 |
Depleted Uranium alloy, 4.64 kg[13] |
8.165 kg / 4.88 kg |
20.9 kg[21] |
7.9 kg of JA-2 (double-base) |
560 MPa (5,600 bar)[23] or 569 MPa (5,690 bar) |
1575 m/s[23] (L/44) |
69 m/s (at 1000 m)
135 m/s (at 2000 m) |
650 mm[16] at 2000 m (LoS at 60°) |
Nicknamed the "silver bullet" by US tank crews in Operation Desert Storm. |
KE-T |
USA |
Alliant Techsystems |
1988 |
983 mm[24] |
658 mm |
|
|
Tungsten alloy |
7.16 kg / 4 kg |
18.7 kg[24] |
8.1 kg of JA-2 (double-base) |
510 MPa[23] |
1690 m/s[24] |
|
|
Developed by Alliant Techsystems, NWM de Kruithoorn of the Netherlands for the penetrator and Chamberlain Manufacturing Company of the USA who provided the sabots, fins and projectile assembly facility. |
M321 |
Israel |
Elbit Systems |
1989 |
936 mm[25] |
|
|
|
Tungsten alloy[25] |
|
approx. 20 kg[25] |
approx. 8 kg of M26 (double-base)[26] |
|
1650 m/s (L/44)[25] |
|
|
M321 penetrator was later re-used on the 105 mm M426 APFSDS in 1990. |
M1080 |
Belgium |
MECAR |
early 1990s |
995 mm |
|
625 mm |
|
Tungsten alloy |
7.2 kg / |
25 kg[27] |
approx 8 kg |
|
1675 m/s[27] |
|
>540 mm of RHA at 0°[28] |
Features an advanced-design tungsten penetrator. In 1995, the firm began development of an enhanced version of the M1080 which became available in 1999.[29] |
M322 |
Israel |
Elbit Systems |
1990s |
984 mm[30] |
|
|
|
Tungsten alloy |
8 kg / 5.6 kg[31] |
20 kg[30] |
8 kg of NC-NG (double-base)[30] |
|
1705 m/s[30] (L/44) |
130 m/s (at 2000 m) |
658 mm at 70° at 2000 m[32] |
Produced under licence by Turkey as MOD 290.[32] Also known as CL-3143 (Italy) and Slpprj 95[33] (Sweden) on the export market. |
DM43A1 |
France and Germany |
Giat Industries and Rheinmetall |
1992 or 1996 |
978 mm |
|
⌀ 26 × 600 mm |
27:1 |
Tungsten alloy |
7.2 kg / 4 kg |
19.5 kg or 20 kg |
7.6 kg of L1 M (double-base) |
550 MPa or 560 MPa[34] |
1740 m/s[4] (L/44) |
100 m/s (at 2000 m) |
560 mm at 2000 m[35] |
French-German development, never adopted by the Bundeswehr and used in the French Army under the OFL 120 F1 designation. |
OFL 120 F1 |
France and Germany |
Giat Industries and Rheinmetall |
1992 or 1994 |
984 mm |
|
⌀ 26 × 600 mm |
27:1 |
Tungsten alloy |
7.3 kg / 4 kg |
19.6 kg |
8.3 kg |
580 MPa |
1790 m/s[36] (L/52) |
100 m/s (at 2000 m) |
560 mm at 2000 m[37] |
Feature the same penetrator as the DM43 but use a French propellant, later redesignated as 120 OFLE F1A. Late production, upgraded models are known under the 120 OFLE F1B and 120 OFLE F1B+ designations. |
M829A2 |
USA |
General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems |
1994 |
|
780 mm |
⌀ 21.6 × 695 mm |
35:1 / 32:1 |
Depleted Uranium alloy, 4.74 kg |
7.9 kg[38] / 4.92 kg |
|
8.7 kg of JA-2 (double-base) |
565 MPa[38] or 580 MPa |
1680 m/s[38] (L/44) |
60 m/s (at 1000 m) 120 m/s (at 2000 m) |
|
Improvements over M829A1 include a stepped tip and use of a new lightweight composite Sabot, which allowed for increased muzzle velocity. |
KE-W Terminator |
USA |
Olin Defense System Groups (Primex Technologies) General Dynamics Ordnanceand Tactical System (later) |
1996 |
980 mm[39] |
778 mm[40] |
⌀ 21.6 × 680 mm |
35:1 / 31:1 |
C2 Tungsten alloy
4.32 kg or 4.37 kg |
8.2 kg[40] / 4.6 kg |
20.5 kg[39] |
7.91 kg of JA-2 (double-base)[40] |
496.6 MPa[40] |
1585 m/s[40] (L/44) |
60 m/s (at 1000 m) |
in excess of 600 mm[41] |
US Export version of M829A1, features a Tungsten alloy penetrator instead of depleted uranium. |
K276 |
South Korea |
Poongsan Corporation |
1996[42] |
973 mm[43] |
703.6 mm[44] |
600 mm[43] |
25:1 |
Tungsten alloy |
7.35 kg[44] / |
19.7 kg[43] |
K683 (triple-base)[43] |
586 MPa[45] |
1700 m/s[44] (L/44) |
|
>600 mm (LoS at 60° obliquity) at 2000 m[46] or 650 mm at 2000 m[47] |
Penetrators are manufactured by cyclic heat-treatment and double-cycle sintering process. This causes a phenomenon similar to the self-sharpening effect of the depleted uranium penetrator.[48][49] |
OFL 120 F2 |
France |
Giat Industries |
1996[50] |
984 mm |
|
⌀ 27 × 594 mm |
22:1 (penetrator) |
Depleted Uranium alloy |
7.78 kg / 4.5 kg |
20.5 kg |
8.1 kg |
560 MPa |
1740 m/s[50] (L/52) |
|
640 mm at 2000 m[51] |
Has superior penetration performance compared to the OFL 120 F1.[52] 60 000 rounds were made from 1996 to 2000.[53] |
12 cm Pz Kann Pfeil Pat 98 Lsp |
Germany/ Switzerland |
Rheinmetall DeTec/RUAG Ammotec |
1999 |
|
745 mm |
|
26:1 |
WSM 4-1 tungsten alloy |
|
19 kg |
8.9 kg of L1 |
545 MPa[23] |
1640 m/s (L/44) |
|
|
First iteration of the DM53 purchased by the Swiss Army. Fitted with a tracer. |
DM53 |
Germany |
Rheinmetall |
2001 |
|
745 mm |
⌀ 26 × 685 mm[54][unreliable source?] |
26:1 |
WSM 4-1 tungsten alloy |
8.35 kg[23] / 5 kg |
21.4 kg |
8.9 kg of L1 (DM53) 8.45 kg of L15190 SCDB (DM53A1)[23] |
545 MPa[23] |
1670 m/s (L/44)[4] 1720 m/s (L/55)[55] |
55 m/s (at 1000 m) 110 m/s (at 2000 m) |
|
Development in Germany continued after the Swiss purchase, the German DM53 round includes a minor geometric modification and the replacement of the tracer element with an incendiary cartridge to add behind-armour effect. The DM53A1 version differs from the DM53 by its SCDB propellant firstly introduced with the DM63. |
KE-W A1 |
USA |
General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems |
1999 or 2000 |
|
|
|
|
Tungsten alloy |
/ 4 kg |
|
8.4 kg of L1/M2400 (double-base) |
580 MPa[23] |
1740 m/s[23] (L/44) |
100 m/s (at 2000 m) |
|
US export variant of the French-German DM43 |
M338 |
Israel |
Elbit Systems |
|
984 mm[30] |
|
|
|
Tungsten alloy |
|
21 kg[30] |
8 kg of LOVA (double-base)[30] |
|
1680 m/s (L/44)[30] |
|
|
3rd generation Israeli APFSDS-T.[30] |
M829A3 |
USA |
Alliant Techsystems (ATK), Armtech Defense, Aerojet GenCorp and Northrop Grumman |
2003 |
|
924 mm[56] |
Main Rod
⌀ 25 x 670 mm
Tip Section
⌀25 x 100 mm[57] |
37:1 / 31:1 |
Depleted Uranium alloy Main Rod with Tungsten Alloy Tip Section[58] |
10 kg[56] / 7.2 kg |
|
8.1 kg[59] or 8.15 kg[56] of RPD-380 sticks |
566 MPa |
1555 m/s[56][59] (L/44) |
|
|
Features an improved penetrator using a special tip assembly to overcome newer types of heavy ERA. |
KEW-A2 |
USA |
General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems |
2003 |
|
780 mm |
⌀ 21.6 × 695 mm |
35:1 / 32:1 |
Tungsten-nickel-iron alloy |
7.6 kg[38] |
|
8.6 kg of JA-2 (double-base)[23] |
580 MPa[23] |
1700 m/s[23] (L/44) |
|
660 mm at 2000 m |
Export version of the M829A2 round, it features a tungsten penetrator |
DM63 |
Germany |
Rheinmetall |
2005[60] |
|
745 mm |
|
26:1 |
WSM 4-1 tungsten alloy |
8.35 kg[23] / 5 kg |
21 kg[61] |
8.45 kg of L15190 SCDB[23] |
545 MPa[23] |
1650 m/s (L/44) 1720 m/s (L/55)[61] |
55 m/s (at 1000 m) 110 m/s (at 2000 m) |
|
Based on the DM53, it features a Temperature Independent Propulsion System (TIPS) utilizing the SCDB technology. Those modifications improve the accuracy through a wide operational temperatures ensuring safe operation extreme climate zones, and minimizing the erosion of the barrel. The DM63A1 is a 2014 version of the DM63 designed to be compatible with all 120 mm smoothbore guns without modifications. |
K279 |
South Korea |
Poongsan Corporation |
2008 |
998 mm[43] |
761.6 mm[44] |
|
27:1 |
Tungsten alloy |
8.27 kg[44] / 5 kg |
21.3 kg[43] |
8.6 kg of L15190 (SCDB)[62][63] |
|
1760 m/s[44] (L/55) |
120 m/s (at 2000 m) |
>700 mm (LoS at 60° obliquity) at 2000 m[46] |
The penetrator is manufactured of a composite material consisting of tungsten, nickel, iron, and molybdenum.[48] |
Type 10 |
Japan |
DAIKIN, CHUGOKU-KAYAKU |
2010 |
|
|
⌀ 24 mm × 630 mm[citation needed] |
26:1 |
Tungsten alloy |
7.8 kg / 4.2 kg |
|
|
|
1780 m/s (L/44)[citation needed] |
|
|
A Japanese APFSDS round only dedicated to Type 10 MBT. Although this is a NATO-standard round, it can only be used with the Type 10 Cannon due to the increased load and resulting increased pressure when fired.[64] |
120 OFLE F2 |
France |
Nexter |
2013 |
|
|
|
|
Depleted uranium alloy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Qualified in 2009, 3000 rounds ordered in 2010, 500 were to be delivered in 2013.[65] |
KET |
USA |
Orbital ATK |
before 2015 |
|
|
|
|
Tungsten alloy |
9.67 kg |
|
8.1 kg of RPD-380 or SCDB |
|
1562 m/s[66] |
|
|
Not to be confused with the older KE-T from Alliant Techsystems, the KET features a lightweight composite sabot, consistent performance across full temperature range and improved defeat capability against heavy explosive reactive armor. |
Pz-531 |
Poland |
WITU |
2015 |
|
|
|
|
Tungsten alloy |
6.6 kg / |
|
8.2 kg |
490 MPa |
1650 m/s[67] (L/44) |
|
≥500 mm at 2000 m[68] |
Features a segmented penetrator made of two rods. |
K279 Improved |
South Korea |
Poongsan Corporation |
2016 |
998 mm[43] |
761.6 mm[44] |
|
27:1 |
Tungsten alloy |
8.27 kg[44] / 5 kg |
21.3 kg[43] |
8.6 kg of 19-hole cylinder-type DNDA-57 (SCDB)[69] |
690 MPa[69] |
1800 m/s[ii][69] (L/55) |
122 m/s (at 2000 m) |
|
Produced with a new SCDB propellant based on Solventless powder coated with polyester developed by Poongsan Corporation.[70][71][72] |
M829A4 |
USA |
General Dynamics Ordnance & Tactical Systems and Alliant Techsystems |
2016 |
|
|
|
|
depleted uranium alloy |
|
|
SCDB granules, 19-perforated stick of DEGN |
|
1650 m/s[73] (L/44) |
|
|
The M829A4 subprojectile has comparable characteristics to its predecessor, the M829A3, in length, weight, and center of
gravity.[74] The visible difference between the two cartridges is the Ammunition Data Link (ADL) interface rings on the base
of the M829A4. |
AKE-T |
USA |
|
2021 |
|
|
Main rod
⌀ 25 x 670 mm
Tip section
⌀25 x >100 mm[57] |
|
Tungsten alloy Main rod with a Steel Tip Section |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consist of the in-service M829A4 and the new Advanced Kinetic Energy - Tungsten round replacing the A4's depleted uranium penetrator[75] |
KE-W A4 |
USA/ Germany |
General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems and Rheinmetall |
c. 2022 |
|
|
|
|
Tungsten alloy |
|
|
temperature insensitive propellant |
|
|
|
|
Visually identical to the German DM63 120 mm APFSDS. |
SHARD Mk. 1 |
France |
Nexter Munitions |
qualified in late 2023 |
984 mm |
|
|
|
Plansee D10 tungsten alloy[76] and another tungsten alloy |
|
22 kg |
EURENCO low-erosion double base propellant |
520 MPa |
1720 m/s[77] (L/52) 1734 m/s (L/55)[78] |
|
|
SHARD stands for Solution for Hardenered ARmour Defeat. It is said to have 15% performance increase over current APFSDS ammunition. Barrel wear is reduced by 25%. |
SHARD Mk. 2 |
France |
Nexter Munitions |
|
|
|
|
|
Plansee D10 tungsten alloy and another tungsten alloy |
|
|
|
>520 MPa |
>1720 m/s (L/52) |
|
|
The SHARD Mk. 2 will use a more energetic propellant than the double-base propellant featured on the Mk. 1.[79] |
DM73 |
Germany |
Rheinmetall |
late 2023 |
|
745 mm |
⌀ 26 × 685 mm[54][unreliable source?] |
26:1 |
WSM 4-1 tungsten alloy |
8.35 kg / 5 kg |
21 kg[61] |
SCDB |
|
1780 m/s (L/55)[61] |
|
|
The DM73 reuse the same penetrator of the DM63[80] but achieves an 8%[81] uplift in performance regarding the combat range[82] through the use of a more powerful propellant. The DM73 requires the high-pressure L55A1 gun and cannot be used in either L44 and L55 gun systems. |
KE2020Neo |
Germany |
Rheinmetall |
serial production foreseen for 2025 |
|
|
|
|
tungsten alloy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The KE2020Neo forecasted increase in performances should reach 20% compared to current APFSDS ammunition thanks to the use of a lighter sabot and a more energetic propellant, the latter is allowed by the raised chamber pressures of the improved Rh-120 L55A1 gun.[83] |