1250s - Wikiwand

The 1250s decade ran from January 1, 1250, to December 31, 1259.

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1250

By place

World

The world population is estimated at between 400 and 416 million individuals.
World climate transitions from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age.^[1]

Europe

February 2 – King Erik Eriksson of Sweden dies. The ten-year-old Valdemar, the eldest son of Birger Jarl, is elected King of Sweden, and becomes the first king from the House of Bjälbo.
October 12 – A great storm shifts the mouth of the River Rother in England 12 miles (20 km) to the west; a battering series of strong storms significantly alters other coastal geography around Romney Marsh.
December 13 – Emperor Frederick II dies, beginning the 23-year-long "Great Interregnum". Frederick is the last Holy Roman Emperor of the Hohenstaufen dynasty; after the interregnum, the empire passes to the Habsburgs.
The Lombard League dissolves upon the death of its member states' nemesis, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor.
Albertus Magnus isolates the element arsenic, as the 8th discovered metal. He also first uses the word "oriole" to describe a type of bird (most likely the golden oriole).
The Rialto Bridge in Venice (in modern-day Italy) is converted from a pontoon bridge to a permanent, raised wooden structure.
The Ponts Couverts fortified bridges of Strasbourg (in modern-day France) are completed.
Vincent of Beauvais completes his proto-encyclopedic work Speculum Maius ("Greater mirror").
The first of the Parlements of Ancien Régime France is established.
Villard de Honnecourt draws the first known image of a sawmill.
The first usage is made of the English word "cuckold", according to the Oxford English Dictionary.
Medieval music: The Notre Dame school of polyphony ends.

Asia

July 9 – The Qaymariyya tribe engineers a coup d'état to hand over Damascus to An-Nasir Yusuf. The garrison in the citadel surrenders later to him.^[2]
A kurultai is called by Batu Khan in Siberia as part of maneuverings which will elect Möngke Khan as khan of the Mongol Empire in 1251.
Starting in this year and ending in 1275, the Muslim Shougeng Pu, likely a Persian or an Arab, serves as the Commissioner of Merchant Shipping for the Song dynasty Chinese seaport at Quanzhou, due to his effort in defeating pirates.^[3]

Africa

April 8 – Battle of Fariskur: Louis IX (the Saint) is captured by Baibars' Mamluk army while he is in Egypt conducting the Seventh Crusade; he later has to ransom himself.
April 30 – King Louis IX (the Saint) is released by his Egyptian captors after paying a ransom of one million dinars and turning over the city of Damietta.
May 2 – Al-Muazzam Turanshah, Ayyubid ruler of Egypt, is murdered, ending effective Ayyubid Dynasty rule in the country. He is briefly succeeded by his widow, Sultana Shajar al-Durr.^[4]
July 21 – Aybak becomes ruler of Egypt, beginning the Bahri Dynasty of the Mamluk Sultanate. After 5 days he stands down and the six-year-old Al-Ashraf Musa is nominally proclaimed sultan.^[4]
The Welayta state is founded in modern-day Ethiopia.
In Tunis, a popular rebellion against newly arrived, wealthy and influential Andalusian refugees breaks out, and is violently put down.^[5]
The Hafsid caliph al-Mustansir enforces laws of ghiyar, or differentiation for non-Muslims. As such, Jews have to wear a distinguishing badge (shikla) which Tunisian Jews will have to wear into the nineteenth century.^[6]^[7]

Oceania

Samoa frees itself from Tongan rule, which begins the Malietoa dynasty in Samoa (approximate date).

By topic

Markets

The Flemish town of Douai emits the first recorded redeemable annuities in medieval Europe, confirming a trend of consolidation of local public debt started in 1218, in Rheims.^[8]
The Sienese bankers belonging to the firm known as the Gran Tavola, under the steering of the Bonsignori Brothers, become the main financiers of the Papacy.^[9]

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Significant people

Births

1250

April 8 – John Tristan, son of Louis IX (d. 1270)
December – al-Allama al-Hilli, Persian Shia theologian (d. 1325)
December 25 – John IV Doukas Laskaris, emperor of Nicaea (d. 1305)
Agnes of Baden, German noblewoman (d. 1295)
Albertus de Chiavari, Italian Master General (d. 1300)
Beatrice of Savoy, Swiss noblewoman (d. 1292)
Bonconte I da Montefeltro, Italian general (d. 1289)
Dmitry of Pereslavl, Kievan Grand Prince (d. 1294)
Esclaramunda of Foix, queen consort of Majorca (d. 1315)
Jeanne de Montfort de Chambéon, Swiss noblewoman (d. 1300)
Margaret of Burgundy, queen of Sicily (d. 1308)
Matteo I Visconti, Italian imperial vicar (d. 1322)
Nijō Tameyo, Japanese official and poet (d. 1338)
Niklot I, German nobleman and knight (d. 1323)
Robert II, French nobleman and knight (d. 1302)
Sancho of Aragon, Spanish archbishop (d. 1275)
approximate date
Adolf II of Waldeck, prince-bishop of Liège (d. 1302)
Albert II, Duke of Saxony, German nobleman (d. 1298)
Albert III, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel, German nobleman and knight (d. 1300)
1250 or 1259 – Asher ben Jehiel, German Jewish rabbi (d. 1327)
Diether of Nassau, archbishop of Trier (d. 1307)
Fra Dolcino, Italian priest and reformist (d. 1307)
Grigorije II of Ras, Serbian monk-scribe (d. 1321)
1250–1259 – Guido Cavalcanti, Italian poet and writer (d. 1300)
Konrad II of Masovia, Polish nobleman (d. 1294)
Mordechai ben Hillel, German scholar (d. 1298)
Rhys ap Maredudd, Welsh nobleman (d. 1292)
Theodoric of Freiberg, German physicist (d. 1311)
Záviš of Falkenstein, Bohemian nobleman (d. 1290)

1251

June 5 – Hōjō Tokimune, 8th regent of the Kamakura shogunate (d. 1284)^[107]^[108]
September 2 – Francis of Fabriano, Italian writer (d. 1322)^[109]
Adelaide, Countess of Auxerre, French countess (d. 1290)^[110]

1252

March 25 – Conradin, Duke of Swabia (d. 1268)^[111]^[112]
Safi-ad-din Ardabili, Persian Sufi leader^[113]^[114]
Eleanor de Montfort, Princess of Wales, English-born consort (d. 1282)^[115]^[116]

1253

March 1 – Mattia de Nazarei, Italian abbess and saint (d. 1319)
March 20 – Wareru, founder of the Martaban Kingdom (assassinated 1307)
September 11 – Dmitry Borisovich, Kievan nobleman (d. 1294)
October 17 – Ivo of Kermartin, Breton priest and saint (d. 1303)
November 25 – Katherine of England, English princess (d. 1257)
Amir Khusrau, Indian Sufi musician, poet and scholar (d. 1325)
Anna of Greater Poland, Polish princess and abbess (d. 1295)
Berengaria of Castile, Spanish princess and regent (d. 1300)
Blanche of France, daughter of Louis IX ("the Saint") (d. 1323)
Eschiva of Ibelin, Outremer noblewoman and regent (d. 1312)
Eufemia of Greater Poland, Polish princess and nun (d. 1298)
Everhardt I, count of Limburg and Hohenlimburg (d. 1308)
Hugh II (de Lusignan), Cypriot ruler and regent (d. 1267)
John II ("the One-Eyed"), count of Holstein-Kiel (d. 1321)
Nikō, Japanese Buddhist monk and disciple (d. 1314)

1254

March 27 – Hkun Law, Burmese ruler of Martaban (d. 1311)
May 4 – Benvenuta Bojani, Italian nun and mystic (d. 1292)
May 13 – Marie of Brabant, queen consort of France (d. 1322)
June 24 – Floris V, count of Holland and Zeeland (d. 1296)
September 15 – Marco Polo, Venetian explorer (d. 1324)
5 November or 6 December – Beatrice of Castile, marchioness of Montferrat (d. 1286)
Bengt Birgersson, Swedish duke and bishop (d. 1291)
Bonacossa Borri (or Bonaca), Italian noblewoman (d. 1321)
Charles II of Naples ("the Lame"), son of Charles I of Anjou (d. 1309)
Fujiwara no Tamekane, Japanese official and poet (d. 1332)
Gerhard II, Count of Holstein-Plön ("the Blind"), German nobleman and knight (d. 1312)
Nijō Morotada, Japanese nobleman and official (d. 1341)
Osman I, founding ruler of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1324)
Ren Renfa (or Ziming), Chinese artist and politician (d. 1327)
Roger de Mowbray, English nobleman and knight (d. 1297)
Tetsugyū Enshin, Japanese monk and scholar (d. 1326)
Zhao Mengfu, Chinese scholar and calligrapher (d. 1322)

1255

October 23 – Fernando de la Cerda, Spanish prince (d. 1275)
Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg, king of Germany (d. 1298)
Albert I of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1308)
Andrey of Gorodets, Kievan Grand Prince (d. 1304)
Bogislaw IV, Polish nobleman and knight (d. 1309)
Dino Compagni, Italian historian and writer (d. 1324)
Francesca da Rimini, Italian noblewoman (d. 1285)
John of Paris, French theologian and writer (d. 1306)
Margherita Colonna, Italian nun and abbess (d. 1280)
Nicholas I, Bohemian nobleman and knight (d. 1318)
William Ros, Scottish nobleman and knight (d. 1316)
Sanjar al-Jawli, Mamluk governor and ruler (d. 1345)
Sybille of Bâgé, countess consort of Savoy (d. 1294)
Takaoka Muneyasu, Japanese nobleman (d. 1326)

1256

January 6 – Gertrude the Great, German mystic (d. 1302)
January 24 – Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, Spanish nobleman (d. 1309)
February 9 – William de Warenne, English nobleman (d. 1286)
March 21 – Henry I, Margrave of Brandenburg ("Lackland"), German nobleman (d. 1318)
October 23 – Möngke Temür, Mongol ruler of Shiraz (d. 1282)
Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati, Andalusian grammarian (d. 1344)
Adolph VI, count of Holstein-Pinneberg-Schauenburg (d. 1315)
Ahmad al-Suhrawardi, Persian calligrapher and musician (d. 1340)
Al-Dimashqi, Syrian geographer, explorer and writer (d. 1327)
Andrea Dotti, Italian nobleman, preacher and saint (d. 1315)
Ibn al-Banna, Almohad scholar and mathematician (d. 1321)
Jamal al-Din al-Mizzi, Syrian scholar and philologist (d. 1341)
John Segrave, English nobleman and seneschal (d. 1325)
Padishah Khatun, Mongol female ruler and writer (d. 1295)
Robert, Count of Clermont, French prince and nobleman (d. 1317)
Roger Mortimer, English nobleman and constable (d. 1326)

1257

March 24 – Yolanda of Lusignan, French noblewoman (d. 1314)
c. June 24 – Robert de Vere, 6th Earl of Oxford, English nobleman and knight (d. 1331)
August 15 – Muhammad III, ruler of Granada (d. 1314)
October 14 – Przemysł II, king of Poland (d. 1296)
Agnes of Brandenburg, queen consort of Denmark (d. 1304)
Beatrice of Burgundy, Lady of Bourbon, French noblewoman (d. 1310)
Frederick I, Margrave of Meissen ("the Brave"), German nobleman (d. 1323)
Malise III, Earl of Strathearn, Scottish nobleman (d. 1312)
Parsoma ("the Naked"), Egyptian Coptic hermit (d. 1317)
Philip III of Falkenstein, count of Münzenberg (d. 1322)
William Russell, English nobleman and knight (d. 1311)

1258

Osman I, founder of the Great Ottoman Empire (d. 1324)
March 8 – Arghun Khan, Mongol ruler of the Ilkhanate (d. 1291)
October 10 – Joachim Piccolomini, Italian altar server (d. 1305)
October 20 – Bolko I, Polish co-ruler (House of Piast) (d. 1313)
December 7 – Trần Nhân Tông, Vietnamese emperor (d. 1308)
Bertrand of Saint-Geniès, French academic lawyer and patriarch (d. 1350)
Ferrantino Malatesta, Italian nobleman and knight (d. 1353)
Henry I, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg, German nobleman (House of Schaumburg) (d. 1304)
Henry Probus (Henryk IV Probus or Prawy, "the Righteous"), High Duke of Poland (d. 1290)
John I, French nobleman (House of Chalon-Arlay) (d. 1315)
Liu Guandao (or Zhong Xian), Chinese court artist (d. 1336)
Usman Serajuddin, Bengali Sufi scholar and mystic (d. 1357)

1259

February 25 – Infanta Branca of Portugal, daughter of King Afonso III of Portugal and Urraca of Castile (d. 1321)^[117]^[118]
March 25 – Andronikos II Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (d. 1332)^[119]
Pietro Cavallini, Italian painter (d. 1330)^[120]^[121]
Demetre II of Georgia (d. 1289)^[122]^[123]
Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster (d. 1326)^[124]

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Deaths

1250

February 2 – Erik Eriksson, king of Sweden (b. 1216)
February 6 – Geoffrey VI, French nobleman and knight
February 8
- Andrew III, French nobleman and knight (b. 1200)
- Fakhr ad-Din, Egyptian ruler and military leader
- Robert I (the Good), French nobleman (b. 1216)
- William Longespée (the Younger), English knight
February 11 – Jean de Ronay, French Grand Master
March 29 – Ludolph of Ratzeburg, German bishop
April 6
- Guillaume de Sonnac, French Grand Master
- Hugh XI of Lusignan, French nobleman (b. 1221)
May 2 – Al-Muazzam Turanshah, Ayyubid ruler of Egypt^[4]
May 21 – Humbert V, French nobleman and knight (b. 1198)
May 26 – Peter I (Mauclerc), French nobleman (b. 1187)
May 27 – Raniero Capocci, Italian priest and cardinal
June 7 – Vitslav I, Danish nobleman and knight (b. 1180)
June 11 – Alice of Schaerbeek, Flemish Cistercian lay sister (b. c. 1220)
June 18 – Theresa of Portugal, queen of León (b. 1176)
August 10 – Eric IV (Ploughpenny), king of Denmark
October 4 – Herman VI, German nobleman and knight
October 12 – Richard Wendene, English bishop (b. 1219)
December 13 – Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1194)^[125]
Yang Miaozhen, Chinese female military leader (b. 1193)
approximate date
Gilbertus Anglicus, English physician and writer (b. 1180)
Julian of Speyer, German Franciscan composer and poet
Fibonacci (Leonardo Bonacci), Pisan mathematician and writer (b. c. 1170)
Romée de Villeneuve, French nobleman and seneschal
Shihab al-Din Muhammad al-Nasawi, Persian biographer
Walter of Serviliano, Italian Benedictine hermit and abbot

1251

January – Bohemund V of Antioch^[126]^[127]
February 9 – Matthias II, Duke of Lorraine^[128]
March 6 – Rose of Viterbo, Italian saint (b. 1235)^[129]^[130]
March 31 – William of Modena, Bishop of Modena^[131]^[132]
June 6 – William III of Dampierre, Count of Flanders^[133]^[134]
date unknown
- Winter 1251–52 – Eljigidei, Mongol commander of Persia, killed^[135]^[136]
- Isobel of Huntingdon, Scots noblewoman (b. 1199)^[137]
- Oghul Qaimish, 3rd regent of the Mongol Empire, following her husband's death^[138]^[139]

1252

January 1 – Saint Zdislava Berka, Bohemian lay Dominican benefactress^[140]
January 23 – Isabella, Queen of Armenia^[141]
January – Bohemond V, Prince of Antioch^[142]^[143]
February 3 – Sviatoslav III of Vladimir, Prince of Novgorod (b. 1196)^[144]
April 1 – Kujō Michiie, Japanese regent^[145]
April 6 – Saint Peter of Verona^[32]
May 3 or May 4 – Günther von Wüllersleben, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights^[146]^[147]
May 30 – King Ferdinand III of Castile and Leon^[148]^[149]
June 6 – Robert Passelewe, Bishop of Chichester^[150]
June 9 – Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg^[151]^[152]
June 29 – Abel, King of Denmark (b. 1218)^[153]^[154]
August 1 – Giovanni da Pian del Carpine, Italian chronicler of the Mongol Empire^[155]^[156]
November 27 – Blanche of Castile, queen of Louis VIII of France and regent of France (b. 1188)^[157]^[158]
date unknown
- John of Basingstoke, English scholar and ecclesiastic^[159]^[160]
- Henry I, Count of Anhalt^[161]
- Sorghaghtani Beki, Mongolian empress and regent^[162]^[163]
- Catherine Sunesdotter, Swedish queen consort^[164]
- Yesü Möngke, Khan of the Chagatai Khanate^[165]

1253

January 1 – Marino Morosini, doge of Venice (b. 1181)
January 18 – Henry I ("the Fat"), king of Cyprus (b. 1217)
April 3 – Richard of Chichester, English bishop (b. 1197)
April 5 – Wilbrand von Käfernburg, German archbishop
April 22 – Elias of Cortona, Italian friar and vicar general
June 11 – Amadeus IV, Italian nobleman and knight (b. 1197)
June 12 – Boniface II ("the Giant"), king of Thessalonica (b. 1201)
July 8 – Theobald I, French nobleman and trouvère (b. 1201)
July 22 – Albert IV, German nobleman and knight (b. 1180)
August 11 – Clare of Assisi, Italian nun and saint (b. 1194)
September 22 – Dōgen, Japanese Buddhist priest (b. 1200)
September 23 – Wenceslaus I, king of Bohemia (b. 1205)
October 9 – Robert Grosseteste, English bishop (b. 1168)
October 22 – William de Vesci, English nobleman (b. 1205)
November 16 – Agnes of Assisi, Italian abbess and saint
November 21 – Christian II, German archbishop (b. 1185)
November 29 – Otto II, German count palatine (b. 1206)
Ahmad al-Tifashi, Almohad poet and anthologist (b. 1184)

1254

March 28 – William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby, English nobleman (b. 1193)
May 21 – Conrad IV, king of Germany en Sicily (b. 1228)^[166]
June 3 – Andrea Caccioli, Italian friar and priest (b. 1194)
June 8 – Robert of Nantes, Latin patriarch of Jerusalem
June 17 – Ingeborg Eriksdotter, Swedish princess (b. 1212)
August 6 – Hugh of Northwold, English abbot and bishop
September 25 – William III de Cantilupe, English nobleman
November 3
- John III Doukas Vatatzes, Byzantine emperor
- Manuel II, Byzantine patriarch of Constantinople
November 11 – Gil Torres, Spanish archdeacon and cardinal
December 1 – Abel de Gullane (or Golynn), Scottish bishop
December 7 – Innocent IV, pope of the Catholic Church
December – Peter Chaceporc, English archdeacon and ambassador
Berthold of Pietengau, German prince-bishop of Passau
Faris al-Din Aktay, Egyptian nobleman and emir (prince)
Rudolf von Ems, German knight, poet and writer (b. 1200)
Silvester de Everdon, English bishop and Lord Chancellor
Bab Bachir, spouse of last Abbasid caliph al-Musta'sim.

1255

May 1 – Walter de Gray, English archbishop and statesman
August 27 – Little Saint Hugh, English Jewish boy (b. 1246)
Al-Faqih al-Muqaddam, Yemeni religious leader (b. 1178)
Alice de Montfort, French noblewoman and ruler (suo jure)
Batu Khan, Mongol ruler and founder of the Golden Horde
Carintana dalle Carceri, ruler of the Principality of Achaea
Denis Türje, Hungarian nobleman and military commander^[167]
Eva de Braose, heiresses and wife of William de Cantilupe
Helena Pedersdatter Strange, queen of Sweden (b. 1200)
Majd al-Din ibn Taymiyyah, Seljuk judge and theologian
Masanari, Japanese nobleman and waka poet (b. 1200)
Muhammad III, ruler of the Nizari Ismaili State (b. 1211)
Shams al-Din 'Ali ibn Mas'ud, Mihrabanid ruler of Sistan

1256

January 4 – Bernhard von Spanheim, German nobleman
January 18 – Maria of Brabant, duchess of Bavaria (b. 1226)
January 28 – William II of Holland, king of Germany (b. 1227)
February 9 – Alice de Lusigan, English noblewoman (b. 1224)
February 16 – Nicola Paglia, Italian Dominican priest (b. 1197)
April 12 – Margaret of Bourbon, queen consort of Navarre (b. 1217)
April 23 – Sabrisho V, patriarch of the Church of the East
May 1 – Mafalda of Portugal, abbess, previously queen consort of Castile
May 6 – Peter Nolasco, French religious leader (b. 1189)
May 12 – Matilda of Amboise, French noblewoman (b. 1200)
May 28 – Guglielmo Fieschi, Italian deacon and cardinal
June 13 – Tankei, Japanese Buddhist sculptor (b. 1173)
September 1 – Kujō Yoritsune, Japanese shogun (b. 1218)
September 21 – William of Kilkenny, English bishop of Ely
October 14 – Kujō Yoritsugu, Japanese shogun (b. 1239)
November 5 – Christina de Valognes, Scottish noblewoman
Bertram de Criol (or Criel), English constable and diplomat
Jacob Anatoli, French Jewish translator and writer (b. 1194)
Johannes de Sacrobosco, English scholar and astronomer
Klement of Ruszcza, Polish nobleman and knight (b. 1190)
Najm al-Din Razi, Persian philosopher and writer (b. 1177)
Pandulf of Anagni, Italian bishop and military commander
Peter de Ramsay, Scottish nobleman, cleric and bishop
Þórður kakali Sighvatsson, Icelandic chieftain (b. 1210)
Rodrigo González Girón, Spanish nobleman and knight
Sibt ibn al-Jawzi, Arab preacher and historian (b. 1185)

1257

April 10 – Aybak, ruler of the Mamluk Sultanate
April 26 – Euphemia de Walliers, English nun and abbess
May 3 – Katherine of England, English princess (b. 1253)
May 5 – Haakon the Young, junior king of Norway (b. 1232)
May 17 – Ch'oe Hang, Korean general and dictator (b. 1209)
May 20 – Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Lord of Offaly, Norman Irish nobleman and knight, killed in combat
c. May 20 – Roger Weseham, English bishop of Coventry and Lichfield
June 4 – Przemysł I, Polish nobleman and co-ruler (b. 1221)
June 8 – Simon of Elmham, English prior and bishop-elect
July 29 – Matilda I (or Mathilde de Courtenay), countess in her own right of Nevers, Auxerre and Tonnerre (b. 1188)
August 15 – Hyacinth of Poland, Polish missionary (b. 1185)
December 24 – John of Avesnes, count of Hainaut (b. 1218)
December 26 – Richard Blund (or Blundy), English bishop
Lanfranc Cigala (or Cicala), Genoese nobleman and knight
Maria of Antioch-Armenia, Outremer noblewoman (b. 1215)
Mohammad Baba As-Samasi, Abbasid Sufi leader (b. 1195) (tradition places his death at 1354)
Sartaq Khan (or Sartak), Mongol ruler of the Golden Horde, probably poisoned
Stephen Bauzan, English nobleman, seneschal and knight, killed in battle
Valdemar III, Duke of Schleswig (Abelsøn), Danish prince and heir apparent
William of Cassingham ("Willikin of the Weald"), English warrior and guerrilla leader
Yuan Haowen, Chinese politician, poet and writer (b. 1190)

1258

January 6 – Konrad I von Wallhausen, bishop of Meissen
February 20 – Al-Musta'sim, Abbasid caliph of Baghdad
March 19? – Clement of Dunblane, Scottish cleric, friar and bishop
March 26 – Floris de Voogd, Dutch nobleman (b. 1228)
April 5
- Juliana of Liège, Flemish nun, mystic and saint
- Pełka (or Fulko), Polish archbishop of Gniezno
April 14 – Rüdiger of Bergheim, German bishop (b. 1175)
May 10 – Sewal de Bovil, English cleric and archbishop
June 2
- Edmund de Lacy, English nobleman and knight
- Peter I, Count of Urgell (or Pedro), Portuguese prince (b. 1187)
June 15 – Ada of Holland, Dutch noblewoman (b. 1208)
June – Ibn Abi'l-Hadid, Abbasid scholar and writer (b. 1190)
July 22 – Meinhard I, count of Gorizia (House of Gorizia)
August 8 – Henry of Lexington, English cleric and bishop
August 14 – John of Wallingford, English abbot, historian and writer
August 18 – Theodore II Laskaris, emperor of Nicaea
August 25 – George Mouzalon, Byzantine high official
August 28 – Gerhard II of Lippe, German archbishop
October/November – Walter Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, Scottish magnate, adviser and regent
November 8 – Grzymisława of Łuck, Polish princess
November 10 – William de Bondington, Scottish bishop
November 23 – John Fitzgeoffrey, English nobleman
Abu Yahya ibn Abd al-Haqq, Marinid sultan
Al-Shadhili, Almohad Sufi leader (b. 1196)
Al-Mahdi Ahmad bin al-Husayn, Yemeni ruler, killed in battle (b. 1216)
Baha al-Din Zuhayr, Arab secretary and poet (b. 1186)
Bartholomew of Brescia, Italian teacher and canonist
Bruno of Altena-Isenberg, prince-bishop of Osnabrück
Ch'oe Ŭi, Korean military leader and dictator (b. 1233)
Eberhard von Sayn, German knight and Landmeister
Fujiwara no Tomoie, Japanese nobleman (b. 1182)
Guillaume de Chateauneuf, French Grand Master
Hong Pok-wŏn, Korean general and official, perhaps executed (b. 1206)
Ingerd Jakobsdatter, Danish noblewoman (b. 1200)
John of Arsuf (or Ibelin), Outremer nobleman (b. 1211)
Robert de la Piere, French magistrate and troubadour

1259

January – Matilda II, Countess of Boulogne, ruler of Boulogne, queen consort of Portugal (b. 1202)^[168]
February 7 – Thomas, Count of Flanders^[169]^[170]
May 29 – King Christopher I of Denmark (b. 1219)^[171]^[172]
July 21 – Gojong of Goryeo^[173]
August 11 – Möngke Khan of the Mongol Empire^[98]
October 7 – Ezzelino III da Romano, Italian ruler^[174]
November 18 – Adam Marsh, English scholar and theologian^[175]^[176]
date unknown – Matthew Paris, English chronicler^[177]

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