1530s - Wikiwand

The 1530s decade ran from January 1, 1530, to December 31, 1539.

1530

January–March

January 5 – Strasbourg joins the Christliches Burgrecht, the Protestant alliance of Swiss cities.^[1]
January 20 – Sent on a mission to penetrate the interior of Mexico and to conquer the Kingdom of Michoacán, the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés leads a group of soldiers across the Lerma river through Cuitzeo and proceeds northwest.^[2] The arrive at Tonalá on March 24 and then take possession of the regions south of the Santiago River and north and west of Lake Chapala.
January 21 – Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, issues letters from his winter residence in Bologna, inviting members of the Imperial Diet to convene at Augsburg on April 8 to discuss various theological questions.^[3]
February 14 – Tangaxuan II, last cazonci of the Purépecha Empire, is executed by conquistador Nuño de Guzmán, ending the Purépecha Empire's independence from Spain.^[4]^[5]
February 24 – Charles V is crowned emperor in Bologna, by Pope Clement VII.^[6]
March 23 – The Tribute of the Maltese Falcon, an agreement by the Grand Master of the Order of St John of Jerusalem to pay an annual tribute to the Charles V, King of Sicily, in return for an order granting the Knights full rulership of Tripoli and the islands of Malta and Gozo, is reached.^[7] The transfer of ownership takes place on October 26, 1550, although Tripoli is conquered by the Ottomans on August 15, 1551.

April–June

April 8 – At the invitation of the Holy Roman Emperor, the members of the Imperial Diet open their session at Augsburg in Germany to prepare the Augsburg Confession, an official imperial set of rules for Protestantism.^[3]
May 9 – The Kaqchikel people, a tribe of the Maya people of what is now the Sacatepéquez Department of Guatemala, surrender to the Spanish conquistadors.^[8]
June 25 – The Augsburg Confession is presented to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.^[9]

July–September

July 4 – King François of France marries Eleanor of Austria, daughter of King Philip I of Castile and widow of King Manuel I of Portugal.^[10]
July 9 – The Tetrapolitan Confession, a Protestant confession of faith, is submitted jointly to Holy Roman Emperor Charles V on behalf of the southern German cities of Konstanz, Lindau, Memmingen and Strasbourg.^[11]
July 19 – Turkish Ottoman troops attempt to take the Hungarian town of Nagykörű but, according to local legend, the Turkish soldirers are lost in a marsh protecting the city.
July 25 – The transfer of Tripoli, in North Africa, from Spain to the Knights of Malta, is formally accomplished, four months after an agreement was reached with Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Spain and King of Sicily.^[12]
July 30 – At Neue Augsburg (now Coro in the nation of Venezuela), German explorer Nikolaus Federmann becomes the acting governor of Klein-Venedig ("Little Venice") Germany's short-lived South American colonyas Governor Ambrosius Ehinger takes a leave of absence to recover from malaria.^[13]
August 3 – Battle of Gavinana: Florence is captured by Spanish troops under Prince Philibert of Chalon (who is killed in the action). The Piagnon (followers of the memory of Girolamo Savonarola) are overthrown, ending the Siege of Florence, and the Medici are restored, in the person of the Pope's nephew Alessandro de' Medici.^[14]
September 15 – The miraculous portrait of Saint Dominic in Soriano appears in Soriano Calabro, Calabria.^[15]^[16]

October–December

October 8 – A flood engulfs Rome.^[17]
October 26 – The Knights of Malta are formed, when the Knights Hospitaller are given Malta by Charles V. They transfer the island capital from Mdina to Birgu.
November 5 – St. Felix's flood devastates Zeeland: a large part of the Verdronken Land van Reimerswaal is lost leading to decline of the city of Reimerswaal.^[18]^[19]
November 24 – Tabinshwehti succeeds his father Mingyi Nyo as king of the Toungoo dynasty, following the latter's death.
December 26 – Humayun starts to rule the Mughal Empire after Babur's death.^[20]
December – Martim Afonso de Sousa's expedition sets out for Brazil from Portugal.^[21]^[22]

Date unknown

The ducal palace of Celle is constructed in Germany.
Austrian forces capture Esztergom, Hungary, and raid as far as Buda.
Erasmus publishes On Civility in Children (De Civilitate Morum Puerilium Libellus), which becomes popular and widely translated.^[23]^[24]
First complete edition of the 'Zürich Bible', Huldrych Zwingli's translation into German printed by Christoph Froschauer, is published.^[25]

Births

1530

January 5 – Gaspar de Bono, Spanish monk of the Order of the Minims (d. 1571)^[250]
January 31 – Ōtomo Sōrin, Japanese Christian Daimyō (d. 1587)
February 17 – Louis III, Count of Löwenstein (d. 1611)
February 18 – Uesugi Kenshin, Japanese samurai and warlord (d. 1578)
February 26 – David Chytraeus, German historian and theologian (d. 1600)^[251]
March 11 – Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (d. 1573)^[252]
May 5 – Gabriel, comte de Montgomery, French nobleman (d. 1574)
May 7 – Louis I de Bourbon, Prince de Condé, French Protestant general (d. 1569)^[253]
June 17 – François de Montmorency, French nobleman (d. 1579)^[254]
June 20 – Johannes Schenck von Grafenberg, German physician (d. 1598)^[255]
July 3 – Claude Fauchet, French historian (d. 1602)^[256]
August 1 – Daniel, Count of Waldeck (d. 1577)^[257]
August 11 – Ranuccio Farnese, Italian prelate (d. 1565)^[258]
August 14 – Giambattista Benedetti, Italian mathematician and physicist (d. 1590)^[259]
August 25 – Ivan IV of Russia (d. 1584)^[260]^[261]
September 30 – Geronimo Mercuriale, Italian philologist and physician (d. 1606)^[262]
October 1 – Walter Aston, English politician (d. 1589)^[263]
October 21 – Jacques Jonghelinck, Flemish sculptor (d. 1606)^[264]
October 30 – Charles d'Angennes de Rambouillet, Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1587)^[265]
November 1 – Étienne de La Boétie, French judge and writer (d. 1563)^[266]
November 6 – Josias Simler, Swiss scholar (d. 1576)^[267]
December 1 – Bernardino Realino, Italian Jesuit (d. 1616)^[268]
December 5 – Nikolaus Selnecker, German musician (d. 1592)^[269]
date unknown
- Julius Caesar Aranzi, Italian anatomist (d. 1589)^[270]
- Vincenza Armani, Italian actress (d. 1569)
- Christopher Báthory, Prince of Transylvania (d. 1581)
- Jean Bodin, French jurist (d. 1596)^[271]
- Wawrzyniec Grzymała Goślicki, Polish bishop, political thinker and philosopher (d. 1607)^[272]^[273]
- Thomas Hoby, English diplomat and translator (d. 1566)^[274]
- Kōriki Kiyonaga, Japanese daimyō in the Azuchi-Momoyama and Edo periods (d. 1608)^[275]
- Jan Kochanowski, Polish writer (d. 1584)^[276]
- Jean Nicot, French diplomat and scholar (d. 1606)^[277]
- Mordecai Yoffe, Bohemian author of Levush Malkhut (d. 1612)^[278]
- Anastasia Romanovna, Russian Tsaritsa (d. 1560)^[279]
- Thomas Bromley, English lord chancellor (d. 1587)^[280]
probable
- Moses Isserles, Polish rabbi and Talmudist (d. 1572)^[281]
- Claude Le Jeune, French composer (d. 1600)^[282]
- Gráinne O'Malley, Irish ruler (d. 1603)^[283]
- Teodora Ginés, Dominican musician and composer (d. 1598)^[284]^[285]
- Shane O'Neill, Irish chieftain and rebel (d. 1567)^[286]
- Turlough Luineach O'Neill, Irish chieftain of Tyrone (d. 1595)
- Jöran Persson, Swedish politician (d. 1568)^[287]
- Nicholas Sanders, English Catholic propagandist (d. 1581)^[288]
- Ruy López de Segura, Spanish priest and chess player (d. 1580)^[289]
- Pey de Garros, Provençal poet (d. 1585)^[290]

1531

January 26 – Jens Bille, Danish servant and poet (d. 1575)^[291]
April 6 – Wolfgang, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (d. 1595)^[292]
May 15 – Maria of Austria, Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, daughter of Emperor Ferdinand I (d. 1581)^[293]
May 20 – Viceroy Thado Minsaw of Ava (d. 1584)
June 1 – János Zsámboky, Hungarian scholar (d. 1584)^[294]
July 17 – Antoine de Créqui Canaples, French Catholic cardinal (d. 1574)^[295]
July 22 – Leonhard Thurneysser, German scholar and quack at the court of John George, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1595)^[296]
September 2 – Francesco Cattani da Diacceto, Bishop of Fiesole (d. 1595)^[297]
September 4 – Hans Fugger, German businessman (d. 1598)^[298]
September 14 – Philipp Apian, German mathematician and medic (d. 1589)^[299]
Late September – Henry Stanley, 4th Earl of Derby, English noble and diplomat (d. 1594)^[300]
October 7 – Scipione Ammirato, Italian historian (d. 1601)^[301]
October 12 – Jacques de Savoie, 2nd Duc de Nemours (d. 1585)^[302]
October 25 – Matthew Wesenbeck, Belgian jurist (d. 1586)^[303]
October 27 – Herbert Duifhuis, Dutch minister (d. 1581)^[304]
November 14 – Richard Topcliffe, English torturer (d. 1604)^[305]
November 16 – Anna d'Este, duchess consort of Nemours (d. 1607)^[306]
November 18 – Roberto di Ridolfi, Italian conspirator against Elizabeth I of England (d. 1612)^[307]
November 29 – Johannes Letzner, German Protestant priest and historian (d. 1613)^[308]
December – Hendrick van Brederode, Dutch noble (d. 1568)^[309]
December 6 – Vespasiano I Gonzaga, Italian noble and diplomat (d. 1591)^[310]
December 10 – Henry IX, Count of Waldeck (d. 1577)
date unknown
- Akiyama Nobutomo, Japanese nobleman (d. 1575)^[311]
- António, Prior of Crato, claimant to the throne of Portugal (d. 1595)
- John Popham, Lord Chief Justice of England (d. 1607)^[312]
- Şehzade Cihangir, Ottoman prince (d. 1553)^[313]

1532

January 21 – Ludwig Helmbold, German classical singer (d. 1598)^[314]
February 14 – Richard Lowther, English soldier and official (d. 1607)^[315]
February 19 – Jean-Antoine de Baïf, French poet and member of the Pléiade (d. 1589)^[316]
March 20 – Juan de Ribera, Spanish Catholic archbishop (d. 1611)^[317]
March 25 – Pietro Pontio, Italian music theorist and composer (d. 1596)^[318]
April 21 – Martin Schalling the Younger, German theologian (d. 1608)^[319]^[320]
April 23 – Anna Marie of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchess of Prussia (d. 1568)^[321]
June 1 – Marino Grimani, Doge of Venice (d. 1605)^[322]
June 6 – Giulio Antonio Santorio, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1602)^[323]
June 7 – Amy Robsart, wife of Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester (d. 1560)^[324]
June 13 – Countess Palatine Helena of Simmern, countess consort of Hanau-Münzenberg (1551-1561) (d. 1579)^[325]
June 16 – Francis Coster, Brabantian Jesuit theologian, author (d. 1619)^[326]
June 24
- Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, English politician (probable;^[327] d. 1588)
- William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, German Protestant leader (d. 1592)^[328]
July 12 – Mechthild of Bavaria, German duchess (d. 1565)
July 25 – Alphonsus Rodriguez, Spanish Jesuit lay brother and saint (d. 1617)^[329]
August 14 – Archduchess Magdalena of Austria, Member of the House of Habsburg (d. 1590)^[330]
October 4 – Francisco de Toledo, Spanish Jesuit cardinal (d. 1596)^[331]^[332]
October 30 – Yuri of Uglich, Prince of Uglich (d. 1563)^[333]
November 16 – Clara of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Abbess of Gandersheim, later Duchess of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (d. 1595)^[334]
November 22 – Anne of Denmark, Electress of Saxony (d. 1585)^[335]
December 7 – Louis I, Count of Sayn-Wittgenstein (d. 1605)^[336]
December 20
- John Günther I, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (d. 1586)^[337]
- Orazio Samacchini, Italian painter (d. 1577)^[338]
December 26 – Guilielmus Xylander, German classical scholar (d. 1576)
date unknown
- Robert Abercromby, Scottish Jesuit missionary (d. 1613)^[339]
- William Allen, English cardinal (d. 1594)^[340]
- Hernando Franco, Spanish composer (d. 1585)^[341]
- Luís Fróis, Portuguese missionary (d. 1597)^[342]
- Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, Spanish explorer (d. 1592)^[343]
- John Hawkins, English navigator and slave trader (d. 1595)^[344]
- Étienne Jodelle, French dramatist and poet (d. 1573)^[345]
- Ralph Lane, English explorer (d. 1603)^[346]
- Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland (d. 1585)^[347]
- Thomas Norton, English lawyer (d. 1584)^[348]
- Tulsidas, medieval Hindi poet and philosopher (d. 1623)
- Flavio Orsini, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1581)^[349]
- Thomas Lucy, English politician (d. 1600)^[350]
probable
- Sofonisba Anguissola, Italian portrait painter (d. 1625)^[351]
- Orlande de Lassus, Flemish composer (d. 1594)^[352]

1533

January 2 – Johann Major, German poet and theologian (d. 1600)^[353]
January 3 – Jerónimo Bautista Lanuza, Spanish friar, bishop and writer (d. 1624)
January 6 – Timotheus Kirchner, German theologian (d. 1587)^[354]
January 28 – Paul Luther, German scientist (d. 1593)^[355]
February 5 or February 16 – Andreas Dudith, Croatian-Hungarian nobleman and diplomat (d. 1589)^[356]
February 2 – Shimazu Yoshihisa, Japanese samurai (d. 1611)^[357]
February 16 – Gianfrancesco Gambara, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1587)^[358]
February 28 – Michel de Montaigne, French essayist (d. 1592)^[359]
March 10 – Francesco III Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua (d. 1550)^[360]^: 397
April 5 – Giulio della Rovere, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1578)^[361]
April 8 – Claudio Merulo, Italian composer and organist (d. 1604)^[362]
April 24 – William I of Orange (d. 1584)^[363]
May 2 – Philip II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (d. 1596)^[364]
July 20 – Martín de Rada, Spanish missionary (d. 1578)^[365]
July 10 – Antonio Possevino, Italian diplomat (d. 1611)^[366]
August 2 – Theodor Zwinger, Swiss scholar (d. 1588)^[367]
August 7
- Alonso de Ercilla y Zúñiga, Basque soldier and poet (d. 1595)^[368]
- Valentin Weigel, German theologian (d. 1588)^[369]
September 5 – Jacopo Zabarella, Italian philosopher (d. 1589)^[370]
September 7 – Queen Elizabeth I of England, daughter of King Henry VIII of England (d. 1603)^[371]
September 15 – Catherine of Austria, Queen of Poland (d. 1572)^[372]
September 27 – Stefan Batory, King of Poland (d. 1586)^[373]
October 9 – Henry V, Burgrave of Plauen (d. 1568)^[374]
October 12 – Asakura Yoshikage, Japanese ruler (d. 1573)
October 14 – Anna of Mecklenburg, duchess consort of Courland (1566-1587) (d. 1602)^[375]
November 22 – Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, Italian noble (d. 1597)^[360]^: 510
December 13 – King Eric XIV of Sweden (d. 1577)^[376]
date unknown – Eknath, Indian Marathi saint (d. 1599)^[377]
probable
- Amina, Queen of Zazzua (d. 1610)^[378]
- Cornelis Cort, Dutch engraver (d. 1578)^[379]
- David Rizzio, Italian secretary of Mary, Queen of Scots (k. 1566)^[380]

1534

January 6 – Pavao Skalić, Croatian encyclopedist, Renaissance humanist and adventurer (d. 1575)
February 5 – Giovanni de' Bardi, Italian writer, composer and soldier (d. 1612)
February 10 – Song Ikpil, Korean scholar (d. 1599)
March 19 – José de Anchieta, Spanish Jesuit missionary in Brazil (d. 1597)
April 18 – William Harrison, English clergyman (d. 1593)
June 15 – Henri I de Montmorency, Marshal of France (d. 1614)
June 23 – Oda Nobunaga, Japanese warlord (d. 1582)
July 1 – King Frederick II of Denmark (d. 1588)
July 3 – Myeongjong of Joseon, ruler of Korea (d. 1567)
July 18 – Zacharius Ursinus, German theologian (d. 1583)
August 29 – Nicholas Pieck, Dutch Franciscan friar and martyr (d. 1572)
September 24 – Guru Ram Das, fourth Sikh Guru (d. 1581)
October 4 – William I, Count of Schwarzburg-Frankenhausen (d. 1597)
October 18 – Jean Passerat, French writer (d. 1602)
November 2 – Archduchess Eleanor of Austria (d. 1594)
November 6 – Joachim Camerarius the Younger, German scientist (d. 1598)
November 17 – Karl I, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, German prince (d. 1561)
November 26 – Henry Berkeley, 7th Baron Berkeley (d. 1613)
December 16 – Lucas Osiander the Elder, German pastor (d. 1604)
December 16 – Hans Bol, Flemish artist (d. 1593)
date unknown
- Lodovico Agostini, Italian composer (d. 1590)
- Isaac Luria, Jewish scholar and mystic (d. 1572)
- Henry Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, statesman of the Elizabethan era (d. 1601)^[381]
- Paul Skalić, Croatian encyclopedist, humanist and adventurer (d. 1573)
- Joan Waste, English Protestant martyr (d. 1556)
- Lautaro, Mapuche warrior (d. 1557)

1535

February 11 – Pope Gregory XIV (d. 1591)^[382]
January 7 – Edward Stafford, 3rd Baron Stafford, English baron (d. 1603)
January 16 - Mohamed Thakurufaanu Al-Auzam (d. 1585)
February 24 – Eléanor de Roucy de Roye, French noble (d. 1564)
February 27 – Min Phalaung, Burmese monarch (d. 1593)
February 28 – Cornelius Gemma, Dutch astronomer and astrologer (d. 1578)
March 10 – William of Rosenberg, High Treasurer and High Burgrave of Bohemia (d. 1592)
March 23 – Sophie of Brandenburg-Ansbach, princess of Brandenburg-Ansbach (d. 1587)
May 31 – Alessandro Allori, Italian painter (d. 1607)
June 2 – Pope Leo XI (d. 1605)^[383]
June 18 – Jakub Krčín, Czech architect (d. 1604)
June 21 – Leonhard Rauwolf, German physician and botanist (d. 1596)
June 24 – Joanna of Austria, Princess of Portugal (d. 1573)
July 4 – William the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (d. 1592)
July 21 – García Hurtado de Mendoza, 5th Marquis of Cañete, Royal Governor of Chile (d. 1609)
July 22 – Katarina Stenbock, queen of Gustav I of Sweden (d. 1621)
August 21 – Shimazu Yoshihiro, Japanese samurai and warlord (d. 1619)
September 6 – Emanuel van Meteren, Flemish historian (d. 1612)
September 18 – Henry Brandon, 2nd Duke of Suffolk (d. 1551)
October 16 – Niwa Nagahide, Japanese warlord (d. 1585)
November 9 – Nanda Bayin, King of Burma (d. 1600)
December 12 – Gilbert Génébrard, Roman Catholic archbishop (d. 1597)
December 28 – Martin Eisengrein, German theologian (d. 1578)
date unknown
- Federico Barocci, Italian painter (d. 1612)
- Niels Kaas, Danish chancellor (d. 1594)
- James Melville of Halhill, Scottish historian (d. 1617)
- Thomas North, English translator (d. c. 1604)
- Giaches de Wert, Flemish composer (d. 1596)
- Benedict Pereira, Spanish theologian (d. 1610)

1536

January 22 – Philibert, Margrave of Baden-Baden (d. 1569)^[384]
February 2
- Scévole de Sainte-Marthe, French poet (d. 1623)^[385]
- Piotr Skarga, Polish writer (d. 1612)^[386]
February 12 – Leonardo Donato, Doge of Venice (d. 1612)^[387]
February 24 – Pope Clement VIII (d. 1605)^[388]
March 6 – Santi di Tito, Italian painter (d. 1603)^[389]
March 31 – Ashikaga Yoshiteru, Japanese shōgun (d. 1565)^[390]
April 8 – Barbara of Hesse (d. 1597)^[391]
May 3 – Stephan Praetorius, German theologian (d. 1603)^[392]
May 13 – Jacobus Pamelius, Belgian bishop (d. 1587)^[393]
August 10 – Caspar Olevian, German Protestant theologian (d. 1587)^[394]
August 14 – René, Marquis of Elbeuf (d. 1566)^[395]
August 24 – Matthäus Dresser, German humanist, philosopher and historian (d. 1607)^[396]
October 18 – William Lambarde, English antiquarian, writer on legal subjects, politician (d. 1601)^[397]
October 21 – Joachim Ernest, Prince of Anhalt (d. 1586)^[398]
October 28 – Felix Plater, Swiss physician (d. 1614)^[399]
November 11 – Marcantonio Memmo, Doge of Venice (d. 1615)
November 22 – Johann VI, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg (d. 1606)^[400]
December 26 – Yi I, Korean Confucian scholar (d. 1584)^[401]
December 29 – Henry VI, Burgrave of Plauen (d. 1572)^[402]
date unknown
- Jeong Cheol, Korean administrator and poet (d. 1593)^[403]
- Leonor de Cisneros, Spanish Protestant (d. 1568)
- Juan de Fuca, Greek maritime pilot (d. 1602)^[404]
- Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham, English statesman and admiral (d. 1624)^[405]
- Roger Marbeck, chief physician to Elizabeth I of England (d. 1604)^[406]
- Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset, English statesman and poet (d. 1608)^[407]
- Friedrich Sylburg, German classical scholar (d. 1596)^[408]
- Ikeda Tsuneoki, Japanese military commander (d. 1584)
- Giovanni de' Vecchi, Renaissance painter from Italy (d. 1614)^[409]

1537

January 16 – Albrecht VII, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (d. 1605)^[410]
January 21 – Antonio Maria Salviati, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1602)^[411]
February 26 – Christopher II, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern (d. 1575)^[412]
March 4 or January 23 – Longqing Emperor, Emperor of China (d. 1572)^[413]
May 18 – Guido Luca Ferrero, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1585)^[414]
May 20 – Hieronymus Fabricius, Italian anatomist (d. 1619)^[415]
May 27 – Louis IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Marburg, son of Landgrave Philip I (d. 1604)^[416]
May 31 – Shah Ismail II of Persia (d. 1577)^[417]^[418]
June 3 – João Manuel, Prince of Portugal, Portuguese prince (d. 1554)^[419]^[420]
July 20 – Arnaud d'Ossat, French diplomat and writer (d. 1604)^[421]
July 29 – Pedro Téllez-Girón, 1st Duke of Osuna, Spanish duke (d. 1590)
July 30 – Christopher, Duke of Mecklenburg and administrator of Ratzeburg (d. 1592)
August 9 – Francesco Barozzi, Italian mathematician (d. 1604)^[422]
August 15 – Shimazu Toshihisa, Japanese samurai (d. 1592)
October – Lady Jane Grey, claimant to the throne of England (d. 1554)^[423]^[424]
October 12 – King Edward VI of England (d. 1553)^[198]
November 21 – Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, 4th Duke of Alba, Spanish military leader (d. 1583)^[425]
December 5 – Ashikaga Yoshiaki, Japanese shōgun (d. 1597)
December 20 – King John III of Sweden (d. 1592)^[426]
December 24 – Willem IV van den Bergh, Stadtholder of Guelders and Zutphen (d. 1586)^[427]
December 26 – Albert, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (d. 1593)^[428]
date unknown
- Jane Lumley, English translator (d. 1578)^[429]
- Shimizu Muneharu, Japanese military commander (d. 1582)^[430]
- John Almond, English Cistercian monk (d. 1585)
- Jan Krzysztof Tarnowski, Polish noble (d. 1567)^[431]
- Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Japanese warlord (d. 1598)^[432]

1538

January 6 – Jane Dormer, English lady-in-waiting to Mary I (d. 1612)^[433]
January 10 – Louis of Nassau, Dutch general (d. 1574)^[434]
January 13 – Udai Singh of Marwar, Ruler of Marwar (d. 1595)
January 15 – Maeda Toshiie, Japanese samurai and warlord (d. 1599)
January 16 – John Frederick III, Duke of Saxony and nominal Duke of Saxe-Gotha (d. 1565)^[435]
February 23 – Dorothy Catherine of Brandenburg-Ansbach (d. 1604)
March 25 – Christopher Clavius, German mathematician and astronomer (d. 1612)^[436]
April 24 – Guglielmo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua (d. 1587)^[437]
April 26 – Gian Paolo Lomazzo, Italian painter (d. 1600)^[438]
June 30 – Bonaventura Vulcanius, Flemish Renaissance humanist (d. 1614)^[439]
July 12 – Infanta Maria of Guimarães, Portuguese infanta (d. 1577)
July 28 – Alberto Bolognetti, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1585)^[440]
September 29
- Count Johan II of East Frisia (d. 1591)
- Joan Terès i Borrull, Viceroy of Catalonia (d. 1603)
October 2 – Saint Charles Borromeo, Spanish saint and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church (d. 1584)^[441]
October 17 – Irene di Spilimbergo, Italian Renaissance poet and painter (d. 1559)^[442]
November 16 – Saint Turibius of Mongrovejo, Spanish Grand Inquisitor, missionary Archbishop of Lima (d. 1606)^[443]
June 12 – Francesco Gonzaga, Spanish Catholic cardinal (d. 1566)^[444]
July 25 – Diane de France, illegitimate daughter of Henry II of France (d. 1619)^[445]
December 8 – Miklós Istvánffy, Hungarian politician (d. 1615)^[446]
December 10 – Giovanni Battista Guarini, Italian poet (d. 1612)^[447]
December 11 – Sigismund of Brandenburg, Archbishop of Magdeburg, Administrator of Halberstadt (d. 1566)^[448]
December 13 – Sigrid Sture, Swedish Governor (d. 1613)^[449]
December 19 – Jan Zborowski, Polish noble (d. 1603)
December 21 – Luigi d'Este, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1586)^[450]
date unknown
- François de Bar, French scholar (d. 1606)
- Henry Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Welsh-born statesman (d. 1601)^[451]
- Ashikaga Yoshihide, Japanese shōgun (d. 1568)^[452]
- Caesar Baronius, Italian cardinal and historian (d. 1607)^[453]^[454]
- Lewis Mordaunt, 3rd Baron Mordaunt, English Member of Parliament (d. 1601)^[455]

1539

January 28 – Nicolò Donato, Doge of Venice (d. 1618)
February 13 – Elisabeth of Hesse, Electress Palatine by marriage (1576-1582) (d. 1582)
February 23
- Henry XI of Legnica, thrice Duke of Legnica (d. 1588)
- Salima Sultan Begum, Empress of the Mughal Empire as a wife of Emperor Akbar (d. 1613)
February 27 – Franciscus Raphelengius, Dutch printer (d. 1597)
March 5 – Christoph Pezel, German theologian (d. 1604)
March 18 – Maria of Nassau, Countess of Nassau (d. 1599)
April 5 – George Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (d. 1603)
April 6 – Amalia of Neuenahr, German noble (d. 1602)
April 7
- Tobias Stimmer, Swiss artist (d. 1584)
- Strange Jørgenssøn, Norwegian businessman (d. 1610)
April 30 – Archduchess Barbara of Austria, Austrian archduchess (d. 1572)
May 22 – Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford (d. 1621)
May 29 – Thomas Pounde, English Jesuit lay brother (d. 1613)
June 6 – Catherine Vasa, Regent of East Frisia (1599-1610) (d. 1610)
June 13 – Jost Amman, Swiss printmaker (d. 1591)
June 23 – William Darrell of Littlecote, English politician (d. 1589)
July 4 – Louis VI, Elector Palatine (d. 1583)
September 18 – Louis Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers, Italian-French dignitary and diplomat (d. 1595)
October 1 – Peter Vok, Czech noble (d. 1611)
November 1 – Pierre Pithou, French lawyer and scholar (d. 1596)
December 5 – Fausto Paolo Sozzini, Italian theologian (d. 1604)
December 20 – Paulus Melissus, German composer (d. 1602)
December 31 – John Radcliffe, English politician (d. 1568)
date unknown
- José Luis Carvajal y de la Cueva, Portuguese explorer (d. 1590)
- Hasegawa Tōhaku, Japanese painter (d. 1610)
- Laurence Tomson, English Calvinist (d. 1608)
- Humphrey Gilbert, English adventurer, explorer, member of Parliament and soldier (d. 1583)

Deaths

1530

February 7 – Enrique de Cardona y Enríquez, Spanish Catholic cardinal and bishop (b. 1485)^[456]
February 24 – Properzia de' Rossi, Italian Renaissance sculptor (b. c. 1490)^[457]
April 12 – Joanna la Beltraneja, princess of Castile (b. 1462)
May 3 – Stephen VII Báthory, Hungarian nobleman and military commander^[458]
June 4 – Maximilian Sforza, Duke of Milan (b. 1493)^[459]
June 5 – Mercurino di Gattinara, Italian statesman and jurist (b. 1465)^[460]
June 6 – Boniface IV, Marquess of Montferrat, Italian nobleman (b. 1512)^[461]
June 28 – Margaret of Münsterberg, Duchess consort and regent of Anhalt (b. 1473)^[462]
August 2 – Kanō Masanobu, chief painter of the Ashikaga shogunate (b. 1434)
August 3 – killed in Battle of Gavinana:
- Francesco Ferruccio, Florentine captain (b. 1489)^[463]
- Philibert of Chalon, French nobleman (b. 1502)^[464]
August 6 – Jacopo Sannazaro, Italian poet (b. 1458)^[465]
August 10 – Konstanty Ostrogski, Grand Hetman of Lithuania (b. 1460)^[466]
August 28 – Gerold Edlibach, Swiss historian (b. 1454)^[467]
August 29 – Moise of Wallachia^[468]
September 13 – Queen Jeonghyeon, Korean royal consort (b. 1462)
September 15 – Maria Paleologa, Italian noblewoman (b. 1508)^[469]
October 10 – Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset, English noble (b. 1477)^[470]
November 24 – Mingyi Nyo, founder of the Toungoo Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) (b. 1459)
November 29 – Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, British statesman (b. c. 1473)^[471]
December 1 – Margaret of Austria, Regent of the Netherlands (b. 1480)^[472]
December 22 – Willibald Pirckheimer, German humanist (b. 1470)^[473]
December 26 – Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire (b. 1483)^[474]
date unknown
- Quentin Matsys, Flemish painter (b. 1466)^[475]
- Estienne de La Roche, French mathematician (b. 1470)^[476]
- Søren Norby, Danish naval commander^[477]
- Andrea del Sarto, Italian painter (b. 1487)^[478]

1531

January 14 – Walraven II van Brederode, Dutch noble (b. 1462)^[479]
January 31 – Edward Sutton, 2nd Baron Dudley (b. 1460)^[480]
February 16 – Johannes Stöffler, German mathematician (b. 1452)^[481]
March – María Pacheco, Spanish heroine and defender of Toledo (b. 1496)^[482]
March 6 – Pedrarias Dávila, Spanish colonial administrator (b. c. 1440)^[483]
May 19 – Jan Łaski, Polish statesman and diplomat (b. 1456)^[484]
May 20 – Guy XVI, Count of Laval (b. 1476)^[485]
May 10 – George I, Duke of Pomerania from the House of Griffins (b. 1493)^[486]
July 7 – Tilman Riemenschneider, German sculptor (b. 1460)^[487]
July 17 – Hosokawa Takakuni, Japanese military commander (b. 1484)
July 23 – Louis de Brézé, seigneur d'Anet, Marshal of Normandy and husband of Diane de Poitiers^[488]
August 30 – Diego Hurtado de Mendoza, 3rd Duke of the Infantado, Spanish noble (b. 1461)^[489]
September 18 – Lorenzo Pucci, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1458)^[490]
September 22 – Louise of Savoy, French regent (b. 1476)^[491]
October 11 – Huldrych Zwingli, Swiss reformer (in battle) (b. 1484)^[47]
November 24 – Johannes Oecolampadius, German religious reformer (b. 1482)^[492]
November 28 – Hedwig of Münsterberg-Oels, German noble (b. 1508)^[493]
December 1 – Maud Green, English noble (b. 1492)^[494]
date unknown
- Henrique of Kongo, bishop (b. 1495)^[495]
- Eva von Isenburg, sovereign Princess Abbess of Thorn Abbey
- Bars Bolud Jinong, Mongol khan (b. 1490)
- Vallabha Acharya, Indian founder of the Hindu Vallabha sect (b. 1479)^[496]
- Gerónimo de Aguilar, Spanish Franciscan friar who participated in the Spanish conquest of Mexico (b. 1489)^[497]
probable
- Fernán Pérez de Oliva, Spanish man of letters (b. 1492)^[498]
- Antonio Pigafetta, Italian navigator (b. 1491)

1532

May – Elizabeth Stafford, Countess of Sussex
June – Bernardino Luini, Italian painter (b. 1482)
June 28 – Pompeo Colonna, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1479)^[499]
July 8 – Andrea Riccio, Italian sculptor and architect (b. 1470)^[500]
August 11 – John of Denmark, Danish prince (b. 1518)^[501]
August 16 – John, Elector of Saxony (b. 1468)^[502]
August 19 – Caritas Pirckheimer, German nun (b. 1467)^[503]
August 22 – William Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1450)^[504]
September – Vlad VI Înecatul, Prince of Wallachia^[505]
October 1 – Jan Mabuse, Flemish painter^[506]
December 2 – Louis Gonzaga (Rodomonte), Italian-French dignitary and diplomat (b. 1500)^[507]
December 3 – Louis II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, Duke of Zweibrücken from 1514 to 1532 (b. 1502)^[508]
December 12 – Pietro Accolti, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1455)^[509]
December 13 – Solomon Molcho, Portuguese mystic (b. 1500)^[510]
December 30 – Krzysztof Szydłowiecki, Polish noble (b. 1467)^[511]
date unknown
- Jeanne de la Font, French poet and culture patron (b. 1500)^[512]
- Huáscar, 12th Inca Emperor^[513]

1533

March 16 – John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners, English soldier and statesman (b. 1467)^[514]
April 10 – King Frederick I of Denmark (b. 1471)^[515]
April 28 – Nicholas West, English bishop and diplomat (b. 1461)^[516]
April 30 – John George, Marquis of Montferrat, Italian noble (b. 1488)^[517]
June 25 – Mary Tudor, queen of Louis XII of France (b. 1496)^[518]
July 4 – John Frith, English Protestant priest and martyr (b. 1503)^[519]
July 6 – Ludovico Ariosto, Italian poet (b. 1474)^[520]
July 26 – Atahualpa, last Inca ruler of Peru (executed) (b. c.1502)^[92]^: 77–78
September 6 – Jacopo Salviati, Italian politician and son-in-law of Lorenzo de' Medici (b. 1461)^[521]
September 17 – Philip I, Margrave of Baden (b. 1479)^[522]
September 20 – Veit Stoss, German sculptor (b. c. 1447)^[523]
October 10 – Severinus of Saxony, Prince of Saxony; died young (b. 1522)^[524]
October – Túpac Huallpa, puppet ruler of Peru^[94]
December 3 – Grand Prince Vasili III of Muscovy (b. 1479)^[525]
date unknown
- Alauddin Firuz Shah II, sultan of Bengal^[526]
- Duarte Pacheco Pereira, Portuguese explorer (b. c. 1460)^[527]
- Anne Rud, Danish noble and defender^[528]
- Fortún Ximénez, Spanish sailor and mutineer^[529]
- Bayin Htwe, king of Prome in Burma^[530]
- Lucas van Leyden, Dutch artist (b. 1494)^[531]
probable – Girolamo del Pacchia, Italian painter (b. 1477)^[532]

1534

January 9 – Johannes Aventinus, Bavarian historian and philologist (b. 1477)
January 25 – Magdalena of Saxony (b. 1507)
February 15 – Barbara Jagiellon, duchess consort of Saxony and Margravine consort of Meissen (1500–1534) (b. 1478)
March 5 – Antonio da Correggio, Italian painter (b. 1489)
March 17 – Vojtěch I of Pernstein, Bohemian nobleman (b. 1490)
March 19 – Michael Weiße, German theologian (b. c. 1488)
April 5 – Jan Matthys, German Anabaptist reformer
April 20 – Elizabeth Barton, English prophet and nun (executed) (b. 1506)
May 3 – Juana de la Cruz Vázquez Gutiérrez, Spanish abbess of the Franciscan Third Order Regular (b. 1481)
June 14 – Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, Bengali mystic (b. 1486)
June 27 – Hille Feicken, Dutch Anabaptist
August 3 – Andrea della Valle, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1463)
August 9 – Thomas Cajetan, Italian theologian and cardinal (b. 1470)
August 21 – Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam, 44th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1464)
September 7 – Lazarus Spengler, German hymnwriter (b. 1479)
September 24 – Michael Glinski, Lithuanian prince (b. c. 1470)
September 25 – Pope Clement VII (b. 1478)^[533]
October 31 – Alfonso I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara (b. 1476)
November 7 – Ferdinand of Portugal, Duke of Guarda and Trancoso, Portuguese nobleman (b. 1507)
November 8 – William Blount, 4th Baron Mountjoy, scholar and patron (b. c. 1478)
November 23 – Beatriz Galindo, Spanish Latinist and scholar (b. 1465)^[534]
December 9 – Balthasar of Hanau-Münzenberg, German nobleman (b. 1508)
December 27 – Antonio da Sangallo the Elder, Florentine architect (b. 1453)
date unknown
- István Báthory, Hungarian noble (b. 1477)
- Edward Guildford, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (b. 1474)
- Cesare Hercolani, Italian soldier, murdered (b. 1499)
- Humphrey Kynaston, English highwayman (b. 1474)
- Amago Okihisa, Japanese nobleman (b. 1497)
- John Taylor, English Master of the Rolls (b. 1480)

1535

February 18 – Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, German alchemist and occult writer (b. 1486)
February 28 – Wolter von Plettenberg, Master of the Livonian Order (b. 1450)
April 4 – Beatrix of Baden, Margravine of Baden, Countess Palatine consort of Simmern (b. 1492)
May 4 (executed by Henry VIII of England):
- Saint John Houghton, Carthusian monk
- Saint Robert Lawrence, Carthusian monk
- Saint Augustine Webster, Prior of the London Charterhouse
- Saint Richard Reynolds, Bridgettine monk of Syon
May 26 – Francesco Berni, Italian poet (b. 1497)
June 12 – Elisabeth Wandscherer, Dutch Anabaptist
June 19 – Sebastian Newdigate, Carthusian monk and martyr (b. 1500)
June 22 – John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester (executed) (b. c. 1469)
July 6 – Sir Thomas More, English lawyer, writer, and politician (executed) (b. 1478)^[535]
July 11 – Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1484)
August 10 – Ippolito de' Medici, ruler of Florence (poisoned) (b. 1509)
September – George Nevill, 5th Baron Bergavenny (b. 1469)
September 23 – Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg, queen of Gustav I of Sweden (b. 1513)
November 17 – Piero de Ponte, 45th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1462)
December 29 – Matsudaira Kiyoyasu, Japanese daimyo (b. 1511)
December 31 – William Skeffington, Lord Deputy of Ireland (b. 1465)
date unknown
- Jodocus Badius, Flemish pioneer of printing (b. 1462)
- Canghali of Kazan, khan of Qasim and Kazan (b. 1516)
- Bartolomeo Tromboncino, Italian composer (b. 1470)
- Feliks Zamoyski, Polish noble

1536

January 6 – Baldassare Peruzzi, Italian architect and painter (b. 1481)^[536]
January 7 – Catherine of Aragon, First Queen of Henry VIII of England (b. 1485)^[537]
January 22
- John of Leiden, Anabaptist leader from the Dutch city of Leiden (b. 1509)^[139]
- Bernhard Knipperdolling, German religious leader (b. c. 1495)^[139]
February 25
- Berchtold Haller, German-born reformer (b. 1492)^[538]
- Jacob Hutter, Tyrolean founder of the Hutterite religious movement (burned at the stake)^[145]
March 15 – Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha, Ottoman grand vizier (b. 1493)^[539]
April 4 – Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (b. 1460)^[540]
May 17 – George Boleyn, 2nd Viscount Rochford, English diplomat (executed, with four other men accused of adultery with the queen) (b. 1503)^[541]
May 19 – Anne Boleyn, second queen of Henry VIII of England (executed) (b. c. 1501/1507)^[541]^[154]
May 31 – Charles I, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels, Count of Kladsko, Governor of Bohemia and Silesia (b. 1476)
June 29 – Bernhard III, Margrave of Baden-Baden (b. 1474)^[542]
July 11 or July 12 – Erasmus, Dutch philosopher (b. 1466)^[543]
July 23 – Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset, illegitimate son of Henry VIII of England (b. 1519)^[544]
June 28 – Richard Pace, English diplomat (b. 1482)^[545]
August 10 – Francis III, Duke of Brittany, Dauphin of France, brother of Henry II (b. 1518)
September 25 – Johannes Secundus, Dutch poet (b. 1511)^[546]
September 26 – Didier de Saint-Jaille, 46th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller^[547]
September 27 – Felice della Rovere, also known as Madonna Felice, was the illegitimate daughter of Pope Julius II (b. 1483)^[548]
October 6 – William Tyndale, English Protestant Bible translator (b. c. 1494)^[549]
October 14 – Garcilaso de la Vega, Spanish poet (b. 1503)^[550]^[551]
December 21 – Sir John Seymour, English courtier (b. 1474)^[552]
date unknown
- Hector Boece, Scottish philosopher (b. 1465)^[553]
- Cecilia Gallerani, principal mistress of Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan (b. 1473)^[554]
- Hiraga Genshin, Japanese retainer and samurai^[555]
- Guru Jambheshwar was the founder of the Bishnoi Panth(b. 1451)
- John Rastell, English printer and author^[556]
- Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples, French theologian and humanist (b. c. 1450)^[557]

1537

January 6
- Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence (b. 1510)^[558]
- Baldassare Peruzzi, Italian architect and painter (b. 1481)^[559]
January 12 – Lorenzo di Credi, Florentine painter and sculptor (b. 1459)^[560]
February 2 – Johann Carion, German astrologer and chronicler (b. 1499)^[561]
February 3 – Thomas FitzGerald, 10th Earl of Kildare, Anglo-Irish noble, rebel (executed) (b. 1513)^[562]
February 8
- Otto von Pack, German conspirator (b. c. 1480)^[563]
- Saint Gerolamo Emiliani, Italian humanitarian (b. 1481)^[564]
January 11 – John, Hereditary Prince of Saxony, German prince (b. 1498)^[565]
March 25 – Charles, Duke of Vendôme, French noble (b. 1489)^[566]
March 28 – Francesco of Saluzzo, Marquess of Saluzzo (b. 1498)^[567]
May 10 – Andrzej Krzycki, Polish archbishop (b. 1482)^[568]
May 24 – Sophie of Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach, German princess (b. 1485)^[569]
June 2
- Francis Bigod, English noble, rebel (b. 1507)^[570]
- Thomas Percy, English rebel (b 1504)^[570]
- Adam Sedbar, English abbot and rebel (b. 1502)^[570]
June 23 – Pedro de Mendoza, Spanish conquistador (b. 1487)^[571]
June 29 – Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland, English noble (b. 1502)^[572]
July 7 – Madeleine of Valois, queen of James V of Scotland (b. 1520)^[573]
July 12 – Robert Aske, English lawyer, rebel (executed) (b. 1500)^[574]
September 4 – Johann Dietenberger, German theologian (b. c. 1475)^[575]
September 7 – Nikolaus von Schönberg, German Catholic cardinal (b. 1472)^[576]
September 20 – Pavle Bakić, last Serb Despot and medieval Serb monarch^[577]
September 25 – William Framyngham, English author^[578]
October 24 – Jane Seymour, 3rd queen consort of Henry VIII of England (complications of childbirth) (b. c. 1508)^[198]
October 29 – Elizabeth Lucar, English calligrapher (b. 1510)^[579]
December 10 or December 11 – Andrey of Staritsa, son of Ivan III of Russia the Great (b. 1490)^[580]^[581]
date unknown – John Kite, Archbishop of Armagh and Bishop of Carlisle^[582]
probable – Thomas Murner, German satirist (b. 1475)^[583]

1538

January 8 – Beatrice of Portugal, Duchess of Savoy (b. 1504)^[584]
February 3 – John III of the Palatinate, Administrator of the Bishopric of Regensburg (b. 1488)^[585]
February 7 – Olav Engelbrektsson, Archbishop of Norway (born c. 1480).^[586]
February 12 – Albrecht Altdorfer, German painter (b. c. 1480)^[587]
March 18 – Érard de La Marck, prince-bishop of Liège (b. 1472)
April 3 – Elizabeth Boleyn, Countess of Wiltshire (b. 1480)^[588]
April 4 – Elena Glinskaya, Regent of Russia (b. c. 1510)^[589]
May 8 – Edward Foxe, English churchman (b. 1496)^[590]
May 15 – Philipp III, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (b. 1482)^[591]
May 22 – John Forest, English Franciscan friar (martyred) (b. 1471)^[592]^[593]
June 22 – Bodo VIII, Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode (1511–1538) (b. 1467)^[594]
June 30 – Charles II, Duke of Guelders (b. 1467)^[595]
July 8 – Diego de Almagro, Spanish conquistador (b. 1475)^[596]
September 14 – Henry III of Nassau-Breda, Baron of Breda (b. 1483)^[597]
September 28 – Mary of Bourbon, daughter of Charles, Duke of Vendôme (b. 1515)^[598]
October 20 – Francesco Maria I della Rovere, Duke of Urbino, condottiero (b. 1490)^[599]
November 22 – John Lambert, English Protestant martyr (burned at stake)^[600]
December 28 – Andrea Gritti, Doge of Venice (b. 1455)^[601]
date unknown
- Pierre Gringoire, French poet and playwright (b. 1475)^[602]
- Isabella Hoppringle, Scottish abbess and spy (b. 1460)
- Paganino Paganini, Italian publisher (b. c. 1450)^[603]

1539

January 24 – Anneke Esaiasdochter, Dutch Anabaptist writer (b. 1509)
February – Narapati of Prome, king of Prome in Burma.
February 6 – John III, Duke of Cleves (b. 1491)
February 13 – Isabella d'Este, Marquise of Mantua (b. 1474)^[604]
March 5 – Nuno da Cunha, Portuguese governor in India (b. 1487)
March 12 – Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, English diplomat and politician (b.1477)
March 19 – Lord Edmund Howard, English nobleman (b. c. 1478))
April 17 – George, Duke of Saxony (b. 1471)
April 19 – Katarzyna Weiglowa, Jewish martyr (b. 1460)
April 30 – John Bourchier, 1st Earl of Bath, English noble (b. 1470)
May 1 – Isabella of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress (b. 1503)^[605]
May 7 – Ottaviano Petrucci, Italian printer (b. 1466)
May 7 or September 22 – Guru Nanak, founder of Sikhism (b. 1469)
June 20 – Philip III, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg (1524–1539) (b. 1486)
July 5 – St Anthony Maria Zaccaria, Italian saint (b. 1502)
July 9 – Adrian Fortescue, English Roman Catholic martyr (b. 1476)
August – Vannoccio Biringuccio, Italian metallurgist (b. 1480)
September 8 – John Stokesley, English prelate (b. 1475)^[606]
November 14 – Hugh Cook Faringdon, English Abbot of Reading
December 12 – Bartolomeo degli Organi, Italian musician (b. 1474)
December 20 – Johannes Lupi, Flemish composer (b. c. 1506)
date unknown
- James Beaton, Scottish church leader (b. 1473)
- Cura Ocllo, Inca queen

References

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