1778 Alfvén

1778 Alfvén, also designated 4506 P-L, is a carbonaceous Themistian asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers in diameter.

1778 Alfvén

Discovery[1]
Discovered by	C. J. van Houten I. van Houten-G. Tom Gehrels
Discovery site	Palomar Obs.
Discovery date	26 September 1960
Designations
MPC designation	(1778) Alfvén
Named after	Hannes Alfvén (physicist)[2]
Alternative designations	4506 P-L · 1936 HK 1952 DD1 · 1958 FB 1959 NN
Minor planet category	main-belt · Themis[3]
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 31 May 2021 (JD 2459000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc	66.12 yr (24,152 days) (JPL) 113.65 yr (41,511 days) (MPC)[4]
Aphelion	3.5505 AU
Perihelion	2.7420 AU
Semi-major axis	3.1462 AU
Eccentricity	0.1285
Orbital period (sidereal)	5.58 yr (2,038 days)
Mean anomaly	358.82°
Mean motion	0° 10m 35.4s / day
Inclination	2.4742°
Longitude of ascending node	106.24°
Argument of perihelion	136.41°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions	20.51 km (calculated)[3] 20.623±0.240 km[5][6]
Synodic rotation period	4.8050±0.0027 h[7] 4.82±0.05 h[8]
Geometric albedo	0.08 (assumed)[3] 0.095±0.007[5][6]
Spectral type	C[3]
Absolute magnitude (H)	11.59±0.15 (R)[8] · 11.6[5] · 11.725±0.003 (R)[7] 11.8[1][3] · 12.32±0.54[9]

It was discovered on 26 September 1960, by astronomers Cornelis van Houten, Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld and Tom Gehrels at the U.S. Palomar Observatory, in California.^[4] It was later named after Swedish Nobelist Hannes Alfvén.^[2]

Orbit and classification

The dark C-type asteroid is a member of the Themis family, a dynamical family of outer-belt asteroids with nearly coplanar ecliptical orbits. Alfvén orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.7–3.6 AU once every 5 years and 7 months (2,038 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.13 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic.^[1]

A first precovery was taken at Lowell Observatory in 1906, extending the body's observation arc by 54 years prior to its official discovery observation.^[4]

Physical characteristics

Rotation period

In February 2013, two rotational lightcurves of Alfvén were obtained from analysis at the Palomar Transient Factory in California. The lightcurves gave a rotation period of 4.82 and 4.8050 hours with a brightness variation of 0.40 and 0.36 magnitude, respectively (U=3-/2).^[8][7]

Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Alfvén measures 20.62 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.095,^[5][6] while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.08 and calculates a diameter of 20.51 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 11.8.^[3]

Survey designation

The survey designation "P-L" stands for Palomar–Leiden, named after Palomar Observatory and Leiden Observatory, which collaborated on the fruitful Palomar–Leiden survey in the 1960s. Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the photographic plates to Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden Observatory where astrometry was carried out. The trio are credited with the discovery of several thousand minor planets.^[10]

Naming

This minor planet was named after Swedish engineer, physicist and Nobel prize winner, Hannes Alfvén (1908–1995).^[2] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 15 June 1974 (M.P.C. 3643).^[11]