2016 Turkish coup attempt

In the evening of 15 July 2016,^[33][34] a faction within the Turkish Armed Forces, organized as the Peace at Home Council,^[35] attempted a coup d'état against state institutions, including the government and president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.^[36] They attempted to seize control of several places in Ankara, Istanbul, Marmaris and elsewhere, such as the Asian side entrance of the Bosphorus Bridge, but failed to do so after forces and civilians loyal to the state defeated them. The Council cited an erosion of secularism, elimination of democratic rule,^[37] disregard for human rights, and Turkey's loss of credibility in the international arena as reasons for the coup.^[38][39] The government said it had evidence the coup leaders were linked to the Gülen movement,^{[37][40][41][42][43]} which is designated as a terrorist organization by the Republic of Turkey and led by Fethullah Gülen, a Turkish businessman^{[44][45][46][47]} and a well-known Islamic scholar^[48][49][50] who lived in exile in Pennsylvania.^[51] The Turkish government alleged that Gülen was behind the coup (which Gülen denied) and that the United States was harboring him.^[52][53][54] Events surrounding the coup attempt and the purges in its aftermath reflect a complex power struggle between Islamist elites in Turkey.^[55][56]

2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt
Part of Turkish government–Gülen movement conflict
Abandoned military vehicle used during the putsch in Ankara, near the bombed building of Directorate of Police, 16 July
Date 15 and 16 July 2016 Location Mostly Ankara, Istanbul, Marmaris[1] Result Turkish government victory Coup d'état failed[2]
Belligerents
Peace at Home Council Elements of the Turkish Armed Forces Elements of the First Army[3] Factions of the Second Army[4] Presidential Guard Elements of the Third Army Elements of the Turkish Air Force[3] Elements of the Turkish Naval Forces[5] Elements of the Gendarmerie General Command[5] Gülen movement (per Turkey)[6][7] Supported by:  Egypt[8][9]  United Arab Emirates (per Turkey, implied in leaked e-mails)[10][11][12]  United States (alleged by some Turkish officials, denied by the U.S.)[13]	65th government of the Republic of Turkey and loyal state institutions Turkish Armed Forces[3] Turkish National Police Police Special Operation Department National Intelligence Organization Municipalities Pro-government protesters
Commanders and leaders
Fethullah Gülen (per Turkey)[14] Adil Öksüz[15] Akın Öztürk (POW)[16] Mehmet Dişli (POW) Adem Huduti (POW) Semih Terzi † Deputy Commander of the Special Forces Brig. Gen. Bekir Ercan Van (POW) İrfan Kızılaslan (POW)[17]	Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Binali Yıldırım Hakan Fidan Hulusi Akar (POW) Ümit Dündar Zekai Aksakallı Salih Zeki Çolak (POW) Bülent Bostanoğlu Abidin Ünal (POW)
Strength
8,651 soldiers 1,676 NCOs Non-commissioned officers 1,214 military academy students 74 tanks 172 armored vehicles 35 planes (24 fighter jets) 37 helicopters 3 warships[18][19]	97% of Turkish Armed Forces ranking officers[20] 66% of the military's top leadership
Casualties and losses
24–104 people killed,[21] 2 helicopters shot down (unconfirmed)[22] 22 died in prison[17]	67 pro-state forces killed (62 police officers and 5 loyal soldiers)[23]
179 civilians killed[23] 270–350 killed[23][24] and 2,185 wounded overall[25] After the end of the coup: 15,846 detained[24] (10,012 soldiers, 1,481 judiciary members),[26][27] of which 8,133 were arrested[27] 48,222 government officials and workers suspended[28][29][30] 3 news agencies, 16 TV stations, 23 radio stations, 45 newspapers, 15 magazines and 29 publishers were ordered to shut down[31] At least 93 educational institutes, associated with Gülen (per Turkey) were closed down[32]