Damocloid

Damocloids are a class of minor planets such as 5335 Damocles and 1996 PW that have Halley-type or long-period highly eccentric orbits typical of periodic comets such as Halley's Comet, but without showing a cometary coma or tail. David Jewitt defines a damocloid as an object with a Jupiter Tisserand invariant (T_J) of 2 or less,^[1][a] while Akimasa Nakamura defines this group with the following orbital elements:^[2]

• q < 5.2 AU, a > 8.0 AU, and e > 0.75,
• or alternatively, i > 90°

However, this definition that does not focus on Jupiter excludes objects such as (127546) 2002 XU₉₃, 2003 WG₁₆₆, and (661238) 2004 DA₆₂.^[3]

Using the Tisserand's parameter with respect to Jupiter of 2 or less, there are currently 220 damocloid candidates as of January 2022^[update].^[4] Of these objects, 189 have orbital observation arcs greater than 30 days providing reasonably decent orbits.^[1][5] Their average radius is eight kilometers assuming an albedo of 0.04. The albedos of four damocloids have been measured, and they are among the darkest objects known in the Solar System.^{[citation needed]} Damocloids are reddish in color, but not as red as many Kuiper-belt objects or centaurs. Other damocloids include: 2013 BL76, (668643) 2012 DR30, (528219) 2008 KV42, (65407) 2002 RP120, and 20461 Dioretsa.

Retrograde objects such as Halley's Comet and damocloid 343158 Marsyas can have relative velocities to Earth of 81 km/s (290,000 km/h).^[6]

Origin

Damocloids are thought to be nuclei of Halley-type comets that have lost all their volatile materials due to outgassing and become dormant. Such comets probably originate from the Oort cloud. This hypothesis is strengthened by the fact that a number of objects thought to be damocloids (and assigned minor-planet provisional designations) subsequently showed a coma and were confirmed to be comets: C/2001 OG₁₀₈ (LONEOS), C/2002 CE₁₀ (LINEAR), C/2002 VQ₉₄ (LINEAR), C/2004 HV₆₀ (Spacewatch) and possibly others. Another strong indication of cometary origin is the fact that some damocloids have retrograde orbits—they have an inclination beyond 90 degrees up to 180 degrees.

List

See also: Category:Damocloids

As of August 2021^[update] this list from the JPL SBDB contains 20 numbered and 268 unnumbered bodies that meet Akimasa Nakamura's criteria for being classified as a damocloid, that is, either a retrograde orbit, or the following orbital elements: q < 5.2 AU, a > 8.0 AU, and e > 0.75 (also see § top). Tisserand's parameter with respect to Jupiter (T_Jupiter) is also given.^[a] Akimasa Nakamura's criteria and a T_Jupiter of less than two are largely equivalent as only a few listed bodies do not meet the defined T_Jupiter threshold. Most damocloids are also listed on MPC's list of other unusual minor planets.^[7] The orbital data is sourced from JPL-numbered and -unnumbered element files.^[8] The list includes A/-designated objects (introduced in 2017) that were mistakenly identified as a comet, but are actually minor planets. However it excludes hyperbolic bodies such as A/2019 G4 as well as 1I/ʻOumuamua and 2I/Borisov, two interstellar objects.

Designation	a (AU)	e	i (°)	Orbital criteria and classes				q (AU)	Q (AU)	Unusual	Catalog	Refs
				Cls	Retro	TJupiter[a]	TJ ≤ 2
5335 Damocles	11.85	0.866	61.6	CEN	—	1.158	Y	1.59	22.11	—	LoMP	MPC · JPL
(15504) 1999 RG33	9.37	0.774	35	CEN	—	1.948	Y	2.12	16.63	unusual	LoMP	MPC · JPL
20461 Dioretsa	23.88	0.901	160.4	CEN	Y	−1.534	Y	2.37	45.39	unusual	LoMP	MPC · JPL
(65407) 2002 RP120	53.66	0.954	119.3	TNO	Y	−0.844	Y	2.46	104.86	unusual	LoMP	MPC · JPL
(154783) 2004 PA44	14.23	0.76	3.3	CEN	—	2.513	—	3.42	25.04	unusual	LoMP	MPC · JPL
(330759) 2008 SO218	8.12	0.562	170.3	CEN	Y	−1.397	Y	3.56	12.69	unusual	LoMP	MPC · JPL
(336756) 2010 NV1	278.33	0.966	140.7	TNO	Y	−2.903	Y	9.42	547.23	—	LoMP	MPC · JPL
(342842) 2008 YB3	11.58	0.442	105.1	CEN	Y	−0.246	Y	6.47	16.7	—	LoMP	MPC · JPL
343158 Marsyas	2.53	0.807	154.4	NEO	Y	1.317	Y	0.49	4.57	—	LoMP	MPC · JPL
(434620) 2005 VD	6.67	0.251	172.9	CEN	Y	−1.394	Y	5	8.34	unusual	LoMP	MPC · JPL
(459870) 2014 AT28	10.9	0.401	165.5	CEN	Y	−2.090	Y	6.53	15.27	—	LoMP	MPC · JPL
(468861) 2013 LU28	191.63	0.954	125.3	TNO	Y	−2.069	Y	8.74	374.53	—	LoMP	MPC · JPL
471325 Taowu	35.7	0.33	110.2	TNO	Y	−1.560	Y	23.9	47.5	—	LoMP	MPC · JPL
514107 Kaʻepaokaʻawela	5.13	0.378	163.1	other	Y	−0.745	Y	3.19	7.07	—	LoMP	MPC · JPL
(518151) 2016 FH13	24.54	0.615	93.6	CEN	Y	−0.005	Y	9.45	39.62	—	LoMP	MPC · JPL
(523797) 2016 NM56	71.46	0.853	144	TNO	Y	−3.061	Y	10.53	132.38	—	LoMP	MPC · JPL
(523800) 2017 KZ31	54.3	0.798	161.7	TNO	Y	−3.601	Y	10.96	97.63	—	LoMP	MPC · JPL
(528219) 2008 KV42	42.03	0.497	103.4	TNO	Y	−1.021	Y	21.15	62.92	—	LoMP	MPC · JPL
(582301) 2015 RM306	246.87	0.954	176	TNO	Y	−4.117	Y	11.46	482.29	—	LoMP	MPC · JPL
(585899) 2020 HM98	83.6	0.841	137.9	TNO	Y	−3.151	Y	13.26	153.94	—	LoMP	MPC · JPL
(612093) 1999 LE31	8.17	0.468	151.5	CEN	Y	−1.309	Y	4.35	11.99	—	LoMP	MPC · JPL
1996 PW	265.49	0.991	30.1	TNO	—	1.708	Y	2.49	528.5	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
1997 MD10	26.49	0.943	59.4	CEN	—	0.960	Y	1.51	51.47	—	—	MPC · JPL
1998 QJ1	11.24	0.815	23.7	CEN	—	2.023	—	2.08	20.41	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
1998 WU24	15.13	0.907	42.5	CEN	—	1.404	Y	1.41	28.85	—	—	MPC · JPL
1999 XS35	17.77	0.948	19.5	NEO	—	1.405	Y	0.93	34.62	—	—	MPC · JPL
2000 AB229	52.32	0.956	68.2	TNO	—	0.790	Y	2.31	102.33	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2000 DG8	10.77	0.793	129.3	CEN	Y	−0.627	Y	2.23	19.31	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2000 HE46	23.66	0.9	158.6	CEN	Y	−1.510	Y	2.37	44.95	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2000 KP65	90.21	0.963	45.6	TNO	—	1.630	Y	3.34	177.07	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2002 AR91	75.23	0.965	17.6	TNO	—	1.965	Y	2.62	147.84	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2002 RN109	564.68	0.995	58.5	TNO	—	1.069	Y	2.67	1126.68	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2003 UY283	33.1	0.895	18.9	TNO	—	2.283	—	3.46	62.74	—	—	MPC · JPL
2003 WN188	14.39	0.846	26.8	CEN	—	1.946	Y	2.22	26.56	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2004 CM111	33.28	0.849	4.7	TNO	—	2.818	—	5.02	61.55	—	—	MPC · JPL
2004 NN8	100.43	0.977	165.6	TNO	Y	−1.781	Y	2.36	198.5	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2004 PB59	10.45	0.873	4	CEN	—	1.879	Y	1.33	19.57	—	—	MPC · JPL
2004 VM4	11.56	0.882	9.2	CEN	—	1.838	Y	1.37	21.76	—	—	MPC · JPL
2005 HL3	11.29	0.831	35.6	CEN	—	1.794	Y	1.91	20.67	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
(661762) 2005 NP82	5.87	0.478	130.5	CEN	Y	−0.327	Y	3.07	8.67	—	LoMP	MPC · JPL
2005 OE	63.24	0.952	67.5	TNO	—	0.901	Y	3.05	123.43	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2005 PF26	13.54	0.892	23.2	CEN	—	1.727	Y	1.47	25.61	—	—	MPC · JPL
2005 SB223	29.41	0.905	91.5	CEN	Y	0.124	Y	2.79	56.03	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2005 TJ50	9.16	0.584	110.3	CEN	Y	−0.180	Y	3.81	14.51	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2005 UH525	17.78	0.908	14.2	CEN	—	1.797	Y	1.64	33.91	—	—	MPC · JPL
2005 VX3	838.42	0.995	112.4	TNO	Y	−0.948	Y	4.1	1672.73	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2006 BZ8	9.6	0.803	165.3	CEN	Y	−1.024	Y	1.89	17.31	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2006 BV124	29.57	0.936	9	CEN	—	1.829	Y	1.88	57.26	—	—	MPC · JPL
2006 EX52	42.12	0.939	150.2	TNO	Y	−1.571	Y	2.56	81.68	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2006 LM1	32.19	0.885	172.1	TNO	Y	−2.133	Y	3.7	60.67	—	—	MPC · JPL
2006 RG1	25.68	0.921	133.5	CEN	Y	−0.992	Y	2.04	49.32	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2006 RJ2	9.67	0.76	164.7	CEN	Y	−1.172	Y	2.32	17.02	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2006 SO134	19.52	0.832	4.2	CEN	—	2.409	—	3.28	35.77	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2007 BJ63	8.58	0.811	11	CEN	—	2.081	—	1.62	15.54	—	—	MPC · JPL
2007 DA61	445.81	0.994	76.5	TNO	—	0.484	Y	2.66	888.96	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2007 TG250	21.29	0.926	10.6	CEN	—	1.747	Y	1.58	41	—	—	MPC · JPL
2007 VJ200	24.35	0.941	7.2	CEN	—	1.664	Y	1.43	47.27	—	—	MPC · JPL
2007 VW266	5.44	0.39	108.3	other	Y	0.364	Y	3.32	7.57	—	—	MPC · JPL
2008 BN18	30.34	0.914	28.8	TNO	—	1.889	Y	2.61	58.07	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2008 SE82	19.35	0.836	17.4	CEN	—	2.288	—	3.17	35.53	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2008 UW44	5.69	0.617	96	CEN	Y	0.742	Y	2.18	9.2	—	—	MPC · JPL
2008 WA95	14.01	0.878	60.2	CEN	—	1.151	Y	1.7	26.31	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2009 AU16	23.54	0.917	69.9	CEN	—	0.804	Y	1.95	45.13	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2009 DD47	48.87	0.954	107.4	TNO	Y	−0.440	Y	2.23	95.5	—	—	MPC · JPL
2009 FW23	11.52	0.855	86.4	CEN	—	0.548	Y	1.67	21.37	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2009 KK31	20.04	0.923	22.8	CEN	—	1.653	Y	1.55	38.54	—	—	MPC · JPL
2009 QY6	12.47	0.833	137.8	CEN	Y	−0.852	Y	2.08	22.87	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2009 SE8	13.26	0.902	18	CEN	—	1.706	Y	1.3	25.21	—	—	MPC · JPL
2009 WX199	31.3	0.955	8.7	TNO	—	1.603	Y	1.41	61.2	—	—	MPC · JPL
(614592) 2009 YS6	20.16	0.919	147.8	CEN	Y	−1.052	Y	1.63	38.7	—	LoMP	MPC · JPL
2010 AK111	10.7	0.792	26.2	CEN	—	2.057	—	2.22	19.17	—	—	MPC · JPL
2010 BK118	378.15	0.984	143.9	TNO	Y	−2.454	Y	6.11	750.19	—	—	MPC · JPL
2010 CG55	31.72	0.91	146.1	TNO	Y	−1.538	Y	2.86	60.57	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2010 CA100	10.96	0.88	8.1	CEN	—	1.842	Y	1.32	20.6	—	—	MPC · JPL
2010 EB46	31.63	0.952	156.6	TNO	Y	−1.215	Y	1.5	61.75	—	—	MPC · JPL
2010 EJ104	21.61	0.9	41.4	CEN	—	1.574	Y	2.16	41.06	—	—	MPC · JPL
2010 ER144	10.89	0.827	8.8	CEN	—	2.083	—	1.88	19.91	—	—	MPC · JPL
2010 EV159	23.07	0.927	18.6	CEN	—	1.726	Y	1.69	44.45	—	—	MPC · JPL
2010 EQ169	2.09	0.093	92	MBA	Y	2.449	—	1.89	2.28	—	—	MPC · JPL
2010 EX175	49.39	0.946	29.2	TNO	—	1.844	Y	2.65	96.14	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2010 GW64	62.46	0.941	105.2	TNO	Y	−0.533	Y	3.69	121.23	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2010 GW147	173.9	0.969	99.9	TNO	Y	−0.462	Y	5.39	342.42	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2010 HK126	14.45	0.897	121.6	CEN	Y	−0.414	Y	1.5	27.4	—	—	MPC · JPL
2010 JX16	24.22	0.898	16.9	CEN	—	2.033	—	2.47	45.96	—	—	MPC · JPL
2010 JH124	70.08	0.963	53.4	TNO	—	1.262	Y	2.63	137.54	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2010 JC147	14.6	0.762	41.6	CEN	—	1.979	Y	3.48	25.72	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2010 JB184	44.84	0.932	18.7	TNO	—	2.138	—	3.07	86.62	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2010 JA191	10.02	0.793	15.1	CEN	—	2.153	—	2.08	17.96	—	—	MPC · JPL
2010 LG61	6.28	0.783	123.8	CEN	Y	0.069	Y	1.36	11.19	—	—	MPC · JPL
2010 LN135	2169.28	0.999	64.7	TNO	—	0.699	Y	1.72	4336.84	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2010 MK19	14.86	0.805	25.6	CEN	—	2.160	—	2.9	26.81	—	—	MPC · JPL
2010 OR1	26.98	0.924	143.9	CEN	Y	−1.219	Y	2.06	51.89	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2010 OU100	17.29	0.891	15.2	CEN	—	1.901	Y	1.89	32.7	—	—	MPC · JPL
2010 OM101	26.1	0.918	118.8	CEN	Y	−0.657	Y	2.14	50.06	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
(666496) 2010 OT128	28.67	0.903	25.8	CEN	—	1.996	Y	2.78	54.56	—	LoMP	MPC · JPL
2010 PK16	18.82	0.905	27.7	CEN	—	1.711	Y	1.79	35.85	—	—	MPC · JPL
2010 PO58	13.18	0.78	121.4	CEN	Y	−0.643	Y	2.9	23.46	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2010 RA17	22.91	0.939	11.3	CEN	—	1.646	Y	1.4	44.41	—	—	MPC · JPL
2011 BP141	11.34	0.864	4.5	CEN	—	1.940	Y	1.54	21.15	—	—	MPC · JPL
2011 FB107	21.06	0.924	3.7	CEN	—	1.780	Y	1.6	40.52	—	—	MPC · JPL
2011 GN27	15.75	0.4	153.4	CEN	Y	−2.522	Y	9.45	22.06	—	—	MPC · JPL
2011 MM4	21.26	0.473	100.5	CEN	Y	−0.404	Y	11.2	31.33	—	—	MPC · JPL
2011 OR17	288.79	0.989	110.4	TNO	Y	−0.745	Y	3.12	574.45	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2011 SP25	19.58	0.884	109.3	CEN	Y	−0.334	Y	2.28	36.88	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2011 SH210	8.1	0.798	16.2	CEN	—	2.087	—	1.64	14.56	—	—	MPC · JPL
2011 UT368	8.94	0.78	23.9	CEN	—	2.081	—	1.96	15.92	—	—	MPC · JPL
2011 UR402	18.56	0.778	24.6	CEN	—	2.439	—	4.12	33	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2011 WS41	37.66	0.945	141.6	TNO	Y	−1.239	Y	2.06	73.26	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2012 DT42	45.16	0.969	1.2	TNO	—	1.582	Y	1.42	88.9	—	—	MPC · JPL
2012 HD2	62.79	0.959	146.7	TNO	Y	−1.555	Y	2.55	123.03	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2012 KA51	484.17	0.99	70.9	TNO	—	0.906	Y	4.89	963.46	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2012 TF72	11.14	0.864	5.3	CEN	—	1.934	Y	1.51	20.76	—	—	MPC · JPL
2012 TT72	9.58	0.86	5.1	CEN	—	1.920	Y	1.34	17.83	—	—	MPC · JPL
2012 TQ111	13.44	0.884	8	CEN	—	1.877	Y	1.56	25.32	—	—	MPC · JPL
2012 TL139	29.89	0.882	160	CEN	Y	−1.950	Y	3.53	56.26	—	—	MPC · JPL
2012 VG94	10.57	0.83	8.5	CEN	—	2.066	—	1.8	19.34	—	—	MPC · JPL
2012 YO6	6.31	0.478	106.9	CEN	Y	0.262	Y	3.29	9.33	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2012 YE8	9.29	0.588	136.1	CEN	Y	−0.996	Y	3.83	14.74	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2013 BN27	59.15	0.974	101.8	TNO	Y	−0.225	Y	1.55	116.75	—	—	MPC · JPL
2013 BL76	958.56	0.991	98.6	TNO	Y	−0.528	Y	8.37	1908.74	—	—	MPC · JPL
2013 CY167	10.31	0.848	5.9	CEN	—	1.989	Y	1.57	19.05	—	—	MPC · JPL
2013 HS150	58.04	0.951	97.1	TNO	Y	−0.164	Y	2.82	113.27	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2013 JD4	11.99	0.863	72.9	CEN	—	0.883	Y	1.64	22.34	—	—	MPC · JPL
2013 LA2	5.68	0.466	175.1	CEN	Y	−0.926	Y	3.03	8.33	—	—	MPC · JPL
2013 LD16	81.49	0.969	154.7	TNO	Y	−1.708	Y	2.54	160.45	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2013 LG29	17.05	0.791	15.4	CEN	—	2.442	—	3.57	30.54	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2013 NS11	12.58	0.786	130.4	CEN	Y	−0.831	Y	2.69	22.47	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2013 PS21	11.01	0.836	11.3	CEN	—	2.039	—	1.81	20.22	—	—	MPC · JPL
2013 RA96	19.84	0.92	5.2	CEN	—	1.783	Y	1.58	38.1	—	—	MPC · JPL
2013 SM99	34.03	0.91	14.3	TNO	—	2.206	—	3.06	65	—	—	MPC · JPL
2013 YG48	8.17	0.752	61.3	CEN	—	1.430	Y	2.03	14.31	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2014 CW14	32.9	0.869	170.8	TNO	Y	−2.297	Y	4.31	61.48	—	—	MPC · JPL
2014 HM59	12.72	0.886	9.6	CEN	—	1.841	Y	1.45	23.99	—	—	MPC · JPL
2014 HX64	13.47	0.893	4.4	CEN	—	1.831	Y	1.44	25.5	—	—	MPC · JPL
2014 HS67	8.99	0.854	6.5	CEN	—	1.938	Y	1.31	16.68	—	—	MPC · JPL
2014 HT94	13.22	0.894	5.6	CEN	—	1.814	Y	1.4	25.03	—	—	MPC · JPL
2014 HJ104	9.24	0.844	9.5	CEN	—	1.971	Y	1.44	17.04	—	—	MPC · JPL
2014 HU110	10.38	0.842	6.8	CEN	—	2.013	—	1.64	19.12	—	—	MPC · JPL
2014 HW113	19.98	0.928	8.8	CEN	—	1.708	Y	1.45	38.52	—	—	MPC · JPL
2014 HC114	13.16	0.889	9.8	CEN	—	1.832	Y	1.46	24.86	—	—	MPC · JPL
2014 JJ57	7	0.291	95.9	CEN	Y	0.514	Y	4.97	9.04	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2014 MH55	44.84	0.9	92.4	TNO	Y	0.010	Y	4.5	85.18	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2014 PP69	21.37	0.941	93.7	NEO	Y	0.155	Y	1.25	41.48	—	—	MPC · JPL
2014 QZ111	12.18	0.865	15.8	CEN	—	1.903	Y	1.64	22.72	—	—	MPC · JPL
2014 QW243	8.26	0.76	18.1	CEN	—	2.187	—	1.98	14.53	—	—	MPC · JPL
2014 QU250	12.33	0.867	9.1	CEN	—	1.937	Y	1.64	23.02	—	—	MPC · JPL
2014 QP482	18.81	0.918	3.8	CEN	—	1.781	Y	1.54	36.07	—	—	MPC · JPL
2014 SQ339	28.84	0.903	128.6	CEN	Y	−1.078	Y	2.79	54.89	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2014 UG6	12.4	0.889	7.1	CEN	—	1.821	Y	1.37	23.43	—	—	MPC · JPL
2014 UU26	11.6	0.874	1.5	CEN	—	1.898	Y	1.46	21.75	—	—	MPC · JPL
2014 UK70	22.47	0.72	169.3	CEN	Y	−2.602	Y	6.29	38.64	—	—	MPC · JPL
2014 UV114	13.86	0.71	171	CEN	Y	−1.895	Y	4.02	23.7	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2014 UC241	9.58	0.756	7.4	CEN	—	2.304	—	2.34	16.83	—	—	MPC · JPL
2014 WK346	8.37	0.841	9.2	CEN	—	1.976	Y	1.33	15.41	—	—	MPC · JPL
2014 XS3	71.97	0.955	101.5	TNO	Y	−0.368	Y	3.26	140.67	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2015 AO44	21.94	0.835	139.9	CEN	Y	−1.491	Y	3.62	40.26	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2015 AM107	12.79	0.875	7.1	CEN	—	1.916	Y	1.61	23.97	—	—	MPC · JPL
2015 BH311	8.66	0.712	94.4	CEN	Y	0.462	Y	2.49	14.83	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2015 BE384	9.35	0.808	0.3	CEN	—	2.136	—	1.8	16.91	—	—	MPC · JPL
2015 BH526	16.73	0.877	8.3	CEN	—	2.013	—	2.05	31.4	—	—	MPC · JPL
2015 EV45	23.96	0.928	7.2	CEN	—	1.800	Y	1.72	46.2	—	—	MPC · JPL
2015 FK37	456.59	0.989	156.1	TNO	Y	−2.506	Y	4.96	908.23	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2015 KJ87	11.98	0.886	8.2	CEN	—	1.828	Y	1.37	22.58	—	—	MPC · JPL
2015 RK245	80.6	0.966	91.7	TNO	Y	0.002	Y	2.76	158.45	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2015 RE277	20.2	0.764	1.6	CEN	—	2.797	—	4.76	35.64	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2015 TP10	14.21	0.902	37.9	CEN	—	1.492	Y	1.39	27.03	—	—	MPC · JPL
2015 TN178	54.15	0.956	91.2	TNO	Y	0.057	Y	2.39	105.91	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2015 TN239	14.52	0.882	14.1	CEN	—	1.886	Y	1.72	27.32	—	—	MPC · JPL
2015 TM240	8.07	0.836	10.5	CEN	—	1.989	Y	1.32	14.82	—	—	MPC · JPL
2015 TV275	10.93	0.805	13.4	CEN	—	2.150	—	2.13	19.73	—	—	MPC · JPL
2015 TS350	144.42	0.965	58	TNO	—	1.501	Y	5.05	283.78	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2015 XX351	14.47	0.853	159.2	CEN	Y	−1.267	Y	2.13	26.81	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2015 XR384	36.44	0.902	157.5	TNO	Y	−1.967	Y	3.57	69.32	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2015 YY18	19.35	0.83	118.2	CEN	Y	−0.748	Y	3.28	35.42	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2016 AT281	63.07	0.957	22.2	TNO	—	1.945	Y	2.69	123.45	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2016 CD93	29.1	0.936	12.2	CEN	—	1.810	Y	1.87	56.32	—	—	MPC · JPL
2016 CO264	47.63	0.937	129.7	TNO	Y	−1.245	Y	3.01	92.25	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2016 DF2	7.2	0.538	167.1	CEN	Y	−1.209	Y	3.32	11.07	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2016 EJ203	66.61	0.959	171	TNO	Y	−1.922	Y	2.72	130.49	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2016 GE53	10.77	0.875	0.6	CEN	—	1.877	Y	1.35	20.19	—	—	MPC · JPL
2016 GF70	21.02	0.935	14.1	CEN	—	1.633	Y	1.37	40.67	—	—	MPC · JPL
2016 GV83	23.25	0.938	11.8	CEN	—	1.657	Y	1.44	45.06	—	—	MPC · JPL
2016 GE93	13.78	0.918	17.2	NEO	—	1.614	Y	1.14	26.42	—	—	MPC · JPL
2016 GZ120	10.72	0.831	10.5	CEN	—	2.054	—	1.81	19.63	—	—	MPC · JPL
2016 JK24	13.03	0.66	152.3	CEN	Y	−1.706	Y	4.43	21.63	—	—	MPC · JPL
2016 LS	13.34	0.606	114.3	CEN	Y	−0.660	Y	5.26	21.42	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2016 NL100	13.9	0.76	21.9	CEN	—	2.344	—	3.33	24.46	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2016 PN66	31.02	0.906	105.2	TNO	Y	−0.373	Y	2.9	59.13	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
(677092) 2016 SP6	8.54	0.828	4.9	CEN	—	2.040	—	1.47	15.61	—	LoMP	MPC · JPL
2016 TK2	9.2	0.551	92.4	CEN	Y	0.475	Y	4.13	14.27	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2016 TP93	7.39	0.554	138.3	CEN	Y	−0.778	Y	3.3	11.49	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2016 US109	35.69	0.948	87.2	TNO	—	0.226	Y	1.85	69.52	—	—	MPC · JPL
2016 UA140	3.61	0.526	117.8	MBA	Y	0.780	Y	1.71	5.51	—	—	MPC · JPL
2016 UK212	29.62	0.95	2.3	CEN	—	1.662	Y	1.48	57.77	—	—	MPC · JPL
2016 UN232	30.39	0.862	11.2	TNO	—	2.576	—	4.2	56.59	—	—	MPC · JPL
2016 UN233	24.86	0.937	1.4	CEN	—	1.741	Y	1.58	48.14	—	—	MPC · JPL
2016 UG245	8.47	0.83	2.3	CEN	—	2.036	—	1.44	15.5	—	—	MPC · JPL
2016 VH12	10.3	0.834	4.6	CEN	—	2.051	—	1.7	18.89	—	—	MPC · JPL
2016 VY17	11.15	0.85	148.5	CEN	Y	−0.847	Y	1.67	20.62	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2016 WS1	14.35	0.882	53	CEN	—	1.304	Y	1.69	27	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2016 XK3	10.29	0.81	34.4	CEN	—	1.868	Y	1.96	18.63	—	—	MPC · JPL
2016 YB13	5.45	0.407	139.8	other	Y	−0.474	Y	3.24	7.67	—	—	MPC · JPL
2017 AX13	28.69	0.883	137.2	CEN	Y	−1.435	Y	3.35	54.03	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2017 BA48	17.57	0.904	19.9	CEN	—	1.776	Y	1.69	33.45	—	—	MPC · JPL
2017 CW32	186.35	0.984	152.4	TNO	Y	−1.852	Y	2.95	369.75	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2017 DQ106	24.65	0.946	11.2	CEN	—	1.596	Y	1.33	47.97	—	—	MPC · JPL
2017 EM4	33.15	0.92	83.4	TNO	—	0.383	Y	2.64	63.66	—	—	MPC · JPL
2017 GD8	43.25	0.947	74.9	TNO	—	0.603	Y	2.29	84.22	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2017 JB6	32.78	0.883	160.9	TNO	Y	−2.063	Y	3.82	61.74	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2017 MZ4	67.32	0.953	65.8	TNO	—	0.974	Y	3.19	131.45	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2017 MB7	1311.87	0.997	55.8	TNO	—	1.475	Y	4.46	2619.28	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2017 NM2	14.6	0.622	101.3	CEN	Y	−0.156	Y	5.52	23.67	—	—	MPC · JPL
2017 OX68	58.9	0.971	94.8	TNO	Y	−0.046	Y	1.73	116.07	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2017 PY24	17.38	0.925	71.8	CEN	—	0.733	Y	1.31	33.44	—	—	MPC · JPL
(606187) 2017 QO33	34.55	0.857	148.8	TNO	Y	−2.121	Y	4.94	64.16	unusual	LoMP	MPC · JPL
2017 QW46	9.02	0.801	5.1	CEN	—	2.147	—	1.79	16.25	—	—	MPC · JPL
2017 RR2	11.62	0.782	87.1	CEN	—	0.542	Y	2.53	20.71	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2017 SV13	9.66	0.792	113.3	CEN	Y	−0.119	Y	2.01	17.3	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2017 SN33	239.43	0.992	152.1	TNO	Y	−1.464	Y	1.85	477.02	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2017 SZ118	34.08	0.954	2.5	TNO	—	1.684	Y	1.56	66.6	—	—	MPC · JPL
2017 UW51	125.75	0.975	144.2	TNO	Y	−1.729	Y	3.14	248.36	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2017 UX51	30.06	0.747	90.5	CEN	Y	0.147	Y	7.61	52.5	—	—	MPC · JPL
2017 UR52	317.81	0.996	108.3	NEO	Y	−0.416	Y	1.24	634.38	—	—	MPC · JPL
2017 YL2	8.92	0.766	27.9	CEN	—	2.072	—	2.09	15.76	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2017 YL4	152.42	0.972	89	TNO	—	0.080	Y	4.26	300.57	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2018 AS18	12.93	0.872	63	CEN	—	1.105	Y	1.66	24.21	—	—	MPC · JPL
2018 DE4	32	0.925	81.3	TNO	—	0.446	Y	2.39	61.62	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2018 DF4	95.81	0.983	68.2	TNO	—	0.635	Y	1.6	190.02	—	—	MPC · JPL
2018 KH3	93.93	0.961	46.9	TNO	—	1.672	Y	3.71	184.15	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2018 MP8	370.07	0.99	68.3	TNO	—	0.909	Y	3.83	736.31	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2018 PQ18	8.95	0.808	1.2	CEN	—	2.127	—	1.72	16.19	—	—	MPC · JPL
2018 PL28	19.51	0.862	74.1	CEN	—	0.804	Y	2.69	36.33	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2018 SQ13	154.08	0.981	91	TNO	Y	−0.002	Y	2.97	305.19	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2018 TL6	8.15	0.788	170.9	CEN	Y	−0.881	Y	1.72	14.57	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
A/2018 V3	121.44	0.989	165	TNO	Y	−1.339	Y	1.34	241.54	—	—	MPC · JPL
2018 WB1	7.25	0.694	152.3	CEN	Y	−0.787	Y	2.22	12.27	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
(594872) 2019 CR	14.46	0.594	160.3	CEN	Y	−2.166	Y	5.87	23.04	—	LoMP	MPC · JPL
2019 EJ3	24.2	0.956	139.6	NEO	Y	−0.754	Y	1.08	47.32	—	—	MPC · JPL
A/2019 G2	699.85	0.997	159.2	TNO	Y	−1.746	Y	2.29	1397.41	—	—	MPC · JPL
A/2019 G3	17.15	0.834	156.8	CEN	Y	−1.540	Y	2.85	31.45	—	—	MPC · JPL
2019 HC4	8.79	0.555	134.3	CEN	Y	−0.918	Y	3.91	13.66	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2019 KE7	11.67	0.702	108.3	CEN	Y	−0.224	Y	3.48	19.86	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2019 KN19	12.42	0.765	14.8	CEN	—	2.342	—	2.91	21.93	—	—	MPC · JPL
A/2019 O2	57.37	0.831	93.3	TNO	Y	−0.121	Y	9.68	105.05	—	—	MPC · JPL
A/2019 O4	32.88	0.889	115.1	TNO	Y	−0.817	Y	3.64	62.12	—	—	MPC · JPL
2019 PN2	25.11	0.92	113	CEN	Y	−0.465	Y	2.01	48.22	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
A/2019 Q2	59.68	0.979	159	NEO	Y	−1.205	Y	1.26	118.11	—	—	MPC · JPL
A/2019 T1	38.24	0.888	120.9	TNO	Y	−1.143	Y	4.28	72.2	—	—	MPC · JPL
2019 YJ6	37.39	0.931	22	TNO	—	1.948	Y	2.56	72.22	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
A/2020 A1	25.94	0.936	149	CEN	Y	−1.152	Y	1.67	50.2	—	—	MPC · JPL
A/2020 B1	52.32	0.967	18.5	TNO	—	1.641	Y	1.75	102.88	—	—	MPC · JPL
2020 BZ12	7.69	0.922	165.5	NEO	Y	−0.237	Y	0.6	14.79	—	—	MPC · JPL
2020 EP	10.5	0.764	76.4	CEN	—	0.927	Y	2.48	18.51	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2020 FH24	14.4	0.773	28.6	CEN	—	2.216	—	3.27	25.52	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
A/2020 H9	341.71	0.992	137.9	TNO	Y	−1.458	Y	2.58	680.84	—	—	MPC · JPL
2020 HB11	16.6	0.709	147.3	CEN	Y	−1.808	Y	4.84	28.36	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2020 KD6	13.07	0.872	38.7	CEN	—	1.612	Y	1.68	24.47	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2020 KH7	7.94	0.502	106.1	CEN	Y	0.061	Y	3.95	11.94	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2020 KU7	34.88	0.88	103.8	TNO	Y	−0.440	Y	4.2	65.57	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2020 ML1	56.08	0.955	82.5	TNO	—	0.349	Y	2.54	109.62	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
A/2020 M4	5092.51	0.999	160.1	TNO	Y	−2.843	Y	5.95	10179.07	—	—	MPC · JPL
2020 OR5	6.24	0.376	166.6	CEN	Y	−1.139	Y	3.89	8.58	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2020 OS5	6.9	0.684	155.8	CEN	Y	−0.779	Y	2.18	11.63	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2020 OP7	28.37	0.894	79.5	CEN	—	0.565	Y	3	53.75	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2020 QN6	674.79	0.993	76.8	TNO	—	0.627	Y	4.82	1344.75	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2020 QO6	19.13	0.875	80.5	CEN	—	0.579	Y	2.39	35.88	—	—	MPC · JPL
2020 SJ5	18.18	0.856	77.4	CEN	—	0.709	Y	2.62	33.74	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2020 SV79	17.52	0.884	5.7	CEN	—	2.003	—	2.03	33.02	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2020 TK9	20.44	0.878	105.6	CEN	Y	−0.254	Y	2.49	38.4	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2020 VS6	7.73	0.773	161.2	CEN	Y	−0.791	Y	1.75	13.71	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2020 XQ7	23.54	0.918	32.5	CEN	—	1.647	Y	1.94	45.14	—	—	MPC · JPL
2020 YR3	501.83	0.967	169.3	TNO	Y	−4.896	Y	16.49	987.16	—	—	MPC · JPL
2021 CT3	7.6	0.435	160.4	CEN	Y	−1.366	Y	4.29	10.91	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2021 DL1	35.41	0.889	148.6	TNO	Y	−1.892	Y	3.93	66.88	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2021 DN2	22.12	0.82	10.8	CEN	—	2.555	—	3.99	40.25	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
A/2021 E2	216.27	0.989	167.5	TNO	Y	−1.802	Y	2.29	430.26	—	—	MPC · JPL
A/2021 E4	733.1	0.994	116.4	TNO	Y	−1.181	Y	4.68	1461.53	—	—	MPC · JPL
2021 FQ2	10.81	0.792	54.9	CEN	—	1.492	Y	2.24	19.37	—	—	MPC · JPL
2021 GQ57	86.21	0.96	125.1	TNO	Y	−1.252	Y	3.46	168.96	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2021 KL9	24.64	0.944	2.3	CEN	—	1.652	Y	1.39	47.89	—	—	MPC · JPL
2021 LB18	25.64	0.869	129	CEN	Y	−1.179	Y	3.36	47.92	—	—	MPC · JPL
2021 NX7	8.412	0.5885	63.78	CEN	—	1.53	Y	3.461	13.36	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2021 PD	6.322	0.6159	71.35	CEN	—	1.38	Y	2.428	10.22	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2021 PN72	321.1	0.9859	84.79	TNO	—	0.255	Y	4.524	637.62	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
2021 RM114	105.8	0.9619	103.18	TNO	Y	−0.513	Y	4.025	207.49	unusual	—	MPC · JPL
Designation	a (AU)	e	i (°)	Orbital criteria and classes				q (AU)	Q (AU)	Unusual	Catalog	Refs
				Cls	Retro	TJupiter	TJ ≤ 2

back to top

See also

• Extinct comet
• List of centaurs (small Solar System bodies)

Notes

1. The Jupiter Tisserand invariant or Tisserand's parameter with respect to Jupiter can be derived from Jupiter's semi-major axis (a_J) and the minor planet's orbital elements (a, e and i) as follows:^[9]
   ⁠a_J/a⁠ + 2(cos i) × √ ⁠a/a_J⁠ × (1-e²)

   Note

   In order to agree with the data displayed at the JPL Small-Body Database from which the orbital elements are sourced,^[8] the calculation of the Tisserand invariant uses a value of 5.203363 AU for Jupiter's osculating semi-major axis (a_J). Also, the degrees of the objects inclination need to be converted into the radian equivalent such as in:
   ($a_j / $a) + (2 * cos(deg2rad($i))) * sqrt(($a/$a_j) * (1 – $e * $e)).