Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month

Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month (as of 2025^[update], officially changed from Asian American, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander Month)^[1] is an annually observed commemorative month in the United States. It is celebrated during the month of May, and recognizes the contributions and influence of Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islander Americans to the history, culture, and achievements of the United States.^[2]

Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month
Official name	Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month
Observed by	United States
Date	May
Frequency	Annual
First time	1991; 34 years ago (1991)

On January 20, 2025, the Trump administration's Initial Rescissions Of Harmful Executive Orders And Actions eliminated federal recognition of the month.^[3] The White House Initiative on Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders was subsequently dissolved.^[4] Nonetheless, on May 16, 2025, the proclamation was issued after all.^[5]

Background

Main articles: History of Asian Americans and Pacific Islands Americans § History

The first Asians documented in the Americas arrived in 1587, when Filipinos landed in California;^[6][7] from 1898 to 1946, the Philippines was an American possession.^[8] The next group of Asians documented in what would be the United States were Indians in Jamestown, documented as early as 1635.^[9] In 1778, the first Chinese to reach what would be the United States, arrived in Hawaii.^[10] In 1788, the first Native Hawaiian arrived on the continental United States, in Oregon;^[11] in 1900, Hawaii was annexed by the United States.^[12][a] The next group of Asians documented in what would be the United States were Japanese, who arrived in Hawaii in 1806.^[14] In 1884, the first Koreans arrived in the United States.^[15] In 1898, Guam was ceded to the United States;^[16] beginning in the 1900s, Chamorros began to migrate to California and Hawaii.^[17][b] In 1904, what is now American Samoa was ceded to the United States;^[19] beginning in the 1920s, Samoans began to migrate to Hawaii and the continental United States, with the first Samoans documented in Hawaii in 1920.^[20] In 1912, the first Vietnamese was documented in the United States.^[21]

History

Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month 2022. Photo removed online by the Trump administration in 2025.

Origins on the Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month can be traced to the formation of the Asian American movement, which led AAM to begin material about Asian Americans. The UCLA Asian American Studies Center played a central role in the formation.^[22]

A former congressional staffer in the 1970s, Jeanie Jew, first approached Representative Frank Horton with the idea of designating a month to recognize Asian Pacific Americans, following the bicentennial celebrations.^[23] In June 1977, Representatives Horton, and Norman Y. Mineta, introduced a United States House of Representatives resolution to proclaim the first ten days of May as Asian-Pacific Heritage Week.^[24][25] A similar bill was introduced in the Senate a month later by Daniel Inouye and Spark Matsunaga.^[24][26]

The proposed resolutions sought that May be designated for two reasons. First, on May 7, 1843, the first Japanese immigrant, Nakahama Manjirō, arrived in the United States.^[27][28][29] More than two decades later, on May 10, 1869, the golden spike was driven into the first transcontinental railroad, which was completed using Chinese labor.^[27][28][30]

President Jimmy Carter signed a joint resolution for the celebration on October 5, 1978,^[24] to become Public Law 95-419.^[31]

In 1990, George H. W. Bush signed a bill passed by Congress to extend Asian-American Heritage Week to a month;^[32] May was officially designated as Asian/Pacific American Heritage Month two years later.^[27][31][33]

On May 1, 2009, President Barack Obama signed Proclamation 8369, recognizing the month of May as Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month.^[1][34]

On April 30, 2021, President Joe Biden signed Proclamation 10189, recognizing the month of May as Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Heritage Month.^[1][35]

On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump issued Executive Order 14148, titled "Initial Rescissions of Harmful Executive Orders", which eliminated U.S. federal recognition of AANHPI Heritage Month and closed the White House Initiative on Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders.^[3][4]

Observances

During Asian Pacific American Heritage Month, communities celebrate the achievements and contributions of Asian and Pacific Americans with community festivals, government-sponsored activities and educational activities for students.^[36] The Library of Congress, National Archives and Records Administration, National Endowment for the Humanities, National Gallery of Art, National Park Service, Smithsonian Institution and United States Holocaust Memorial Museum offer resources, toolkits, and other resources to help people observe the month.^[37][38]

Footnotes

1. In 1959, Hawaii was granted statehood.^[13]
2. In 1947 the remainder of the Marianas Islands, which had been occupied by the United States since 1944 during World War II, became part of the United States–administered Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. In 1975, the Mariana Islands except Guam became the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.^[18]