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Aden Abdullahi Nur
Somali military officer From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Aden Abdullahi Nur "Gabyow" (Somali: Aadan Cabdullaahi Nuur "Gabyoow", Osmanya: ππππ ππππππππππ Nπππ "Gπππππ", Arabic: Ψ§Ψ―Ω ΨΉΨ¨Ψ― Ψ§ΩΩΩ ΩΩΨ±"Ψ¬Ψ¨ΩΩ, born 10 October 1920 β died 5 June 2002) was a senior Somali military officer and politician in the Somali Democratic Republic.
 | This article contains wording that promotes the subject in a subjective manner without imparting real information. (November 2024) |
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Early years
Aden Abdullahi Nur "Gabyow" was born on 10 October 1920, in Mado Gashi in the Northern Frontier district, which was then under British rule. He received his primary education in the district capital Garissa.
In 1941, he joined the British Colonial Army in charge of the Horn of Africa, called the King's African Rifles, in their third battalion. He received training in Jinja, (in present-day Uganda), then under British rule. In 1943, he was taken to Jijiga, the capital of the Ethiopian Somali Regional State, where the main base of the King's African Rifles was located, and was promoted to sergeant.[citation needed]
He fought in British Malaya in the 1940s.[1]
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Career
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In 1963, Gabyow became a platoon leader in the new Kenyan army. In 1970, he traveled to Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and was transported to Mogadishu by the Somali embassy. Due to his experience in fighting communists in Asia, he was sent to the Soviet Union for four years of training. He became head of a new police station and was later appointed head of Halane military training station in 1976. He was promoted to the rank of colonel the same year.[2]
After heading the Halane military training station, General Adan Gabyow became Minister of Defence under Siad Barre. Following a conflict with Siad Barre, he was arrested and imprisoned in 1988.[2]
Foreign and Commonwealth Office files at Kew show that Gen Aden Abdullahi Nur was relieved as Minister of Defense and appointed Minister of Tourism on 30 January 1989.[3]
Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM)
Somali Patriotic Movement was formed in 1985 as a result of a split in the Somali Salvation Democratic Front by military dissidents from Gabyow's own Ogaden In 1988, they demanded the release of General Gabyow and encouraged officers from their Ogaden clan to resign, leading to the defection of Colonel Ahmed Omar Jess. The dismissal of Gabyow contributed to a conflict that had been building for years.[4] In March 1989, soldiers of the Ogaden mutinied in Kismayo and fighting continued until government troops gained the upper hand in July.[5][6]
Civil War
In January 1991, the government of Siad Barre was toppled in Mogadishu by the Hawiye-dominated United Somali Congress. In February 1991, fighting erupted between the USC and the SPM in Afgoye. The SPM were forced to flee south to Kismayo, where they joined other Darod who had fled from Mogadishu. In April of the same year, SPM lost control of Kismayo and the USC captured the city at the end of the month, pushing the SPM/SNF south of Dhobley.[6]
Gabyow was released from prison when the USC overran the capital. Following the defeat of SPM, various Darod factions, including the SPM, SSDF, and SNF regrouped under the banner of SPM. Gabyow was appointed the new chairman of SPM, taking over from Colonel Biliqo, and Jess became the military commander. General Morgan was given charge of the police. The SPM recaptured Kismayo and Barawa in June 1991.[6]
Following their defeat, the Darod factions, including the SPM (Ogaden), SSDF (Harti) and SNF (Marehan), regrouped under the banner of the SPM. Internal Darod conflicts over land were overshadowed by the anti-Darod rhetoric from Mohamed Farrah Aidid, who proclaimed his intention of clearing all Darod from Somalia. Gabyow was appointed the new chairman of the SPM, and Jess the military commander. General Morgan (Majeerteen and Barre's son-in-law) was given charge of the police. The election of Gabyow as the chairman led to a rift between Gabyow and Jess, reportedly because Gabyow was elected chairman to ensure the support of his Awlihan clan, who until then had been supporting Jess.[6]
In June 1991, the SPM recaptured Kismayo and Brava. A second attempt to retake Mogadishu was again defeated by the USC. In December 1991, during the reelection of the SPM chairman, Gabyow and Morgan combined forces to remove Jess's forces from Kismayo and Brava. Jess then formed an alliance with Aideed's USC, which became known as the Somali Liberation Army (SLA). Their combined forces pushed Gabyow and Morgan out of Kismayo, and in April 1992 forced Barre into exile in Kenya. Following this victory, Aideed and Jess formed the Somali National Alliance (SNA), combining with the SDM and the SSNM.[6]
In December 1991, during the reelection of the SPM chairman, Gabyow combined forces with Morgan, who led SSDF/SPM, to remove Jess' forces from Kismayo and Brava. Jess then allied with General Mohamed Farrah Aideed's USC. Their combined forces pushed Gabyow and Morgan out of Kismayo, leading Siad Barre to exile. As a result of a US-led UN-sanctioned intervention in Somalia, Unified Task Force (UNITAF) took control of Kismayo. When the forces withdrew, the city once again remained under control of an alliance of SPM/SSDF/SNF forces.[6]
Cairo Peace Conference
General Gabyow was among 25 delegates attending the Cairo Peace Conference in 1998. Colonel Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed and Gabyow left the Cairo talks and later announced their rejection of the Cairo declaration. Gabyow accused Hussein Aideed, son of Aideed, and the Egyptian government of instigating violence in Kismayo, but both the Egyptian authorities and Aidid denied any involvement.[7]
Both General Morgan and Gabyow belonged to the Darod clan, which felt marginalised by the political dominance of the Hawiye due to the legitimacy the Cairo declaration gave Somalia's two most powerful Hawiye - Hussein Farrah Aideed and Ali Mahdi Muhammad.[7] The Cairo declaration subsequently failed after signatories, including Aideed, failed to disarm. [8]
In 2000, Gabyow was among several leaders calling for a federal system in Somalia.[9]
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Death
After suffering from illnesses, Gabyow died on 5 June 2002 in Nairobi, capital city of Kenya, after suffering a stroke. His body was flown to Bu'ale, capital of the Middle Juba region, where he was given a funeral.[citation needed]
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References
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