Alès

Not to be confused with Ales (disambiguation).

"Alais" redirects here. For the Alais meteorite of 1806, see Meteorite falls. For people named Alais, see Alais (surname).

Alès (French: [alɛs] ^ⓘ) is a commune and subprefecture in the Gard department in the Occitania region in Southern France. Until 1926, it was officially known as Alais.

Alès
Subprefecture and commune
Alès Cathedral
Coat of arms
Location of Alès
Alès Show map of France Alès Show map of Occitanie
Coordinates: 44°07′41″N 4°04′54″E
Country	France
Region	Occitania
Department	Gard
Arrondissement	Alès
Canton	Alès-1 Alès-2 Alès-3
Intercommunality	Alès Agglomération
Government
• Mayor (2020–2026)	Max Roustan[1]
Area 1	23.16 km2 (8.94 sq mi)
Population  (2022)[2]	45,025
• Density	1,900/km2 (5,000/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code	30007 /30100
Elevation	116–356 m (381–1,168 ft) (avg. 150 m or 490 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Geography

Alès lies 40 kilometres (25 miles) north-northwest of Nîmes, on the left bank of the river Gardon d'Alès, which half surrounds it. It is located at the foot of the Cévennes, near the Cévennes National Park. Alès station has rail connections to Nîmes, Mende and Clermont-Ferrand.

History

Fountain

Alès may be the modern successor of Arisitum, where, in about 570, Sigebert, King of Austrasia, created a bishopric. In his campaign against the Visigoths, the Merovingian king Theudebert I (533–548) conquered part of the territory of the Diocese of Nîmes. His later successor Sigebert set up the new diocese, comprising fifteen parishes in the area controlled by the Franks, which included a number of towns to the north of the Cevenne: Alès, Le Vigan, Arre, Arrigas, Meyrueis, Saint-Jean-du-Gard, Anduze, and Vissec. The diocese disappeared in the 8th century with the conquest of the whole of Septimania by the Franks.^[3][4] No longer a residential bishopric, Arisitum is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.^[5]

After the Edict of Nantes, Alès was one of the places de sûreté given to the Huguenots. Louis XIII took back the town in 1629, and the Peace of Alès, signed on 29 June of that year, suppressed the political privileges of the Protestants, while continuing to guarantee toleration.^[6]

At the request of Louis XIV, a see was again created at Alais by Pope Innocent XII, in 1694. The future Cardinal de Bausset, Bossuet's biographer, was Bishop of Alais from 1784 to 1790.^[6] It was suppressed after the French Revolution, and its territory was divided between the diocese of Avignon and the diocese of Mende.

Demographics

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1793 10,020 —     1800 8,944 −1.61% 1806 9,387 +0.81% 1821 9,906 +0.36% 1831 12,077 +2.00% 1836 13,566 +2.35% 1841 15,884 +3.21% 1846 17,838 +2.35% 1851 18,871 +1.13% 1856 20,084 +1.25% 1861 20,257 +0.17% 1866 19,964 −0.29% 1872 19,230 −0.62% 1876 20,893 +2.10% 1881 22,255 +1.27% 1886 22,514 +0.23% 1891 24,356 +1.59% 1896 24,382 +0.02%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1901 24,940 +0.45% 1906 27,435 +1.93% 1911 29,831 +1.69% 1921 36,455 +2.03% 1926 42,021 +2.88% 1931 43,248 +0.58% 1936 41,385 −0.88% 1946 34,731 −1.74% 1954 36,893 +0.76% 1962 41,360 +1.44% 1968 42,818 +0.58% 1975 44,245 +0.47% 1982 43,268 −0.32% 1990 41,037 −0.66% 1999 39,346 −0.47% 2009 41,432 +0.52% 2014 39,993 −0.70% 2020 42,867 +1.16%
Source: EHESS[7] and INSEE (1968–2020)[8]

Economy

Alès is the centre of a mining district and hosts the École des Mines d'Alès.

Historically, according to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1911):

"The town is one of the most important markets for raw silk and cocoons in the south of France, and the Gardon supplies power to numerous silk-mills. It is also the centre of a mineral field, which yields large quantities of coal, iron, zinc and lead; its blast-furnaces, foundries, glass-works and engineering works afford employment to many workmen."^[6]

Sports

The town has one association football team called Olympique Alès who currently play in the Championnat National.

Sights

Historically, according to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition:

"The streets are wide and its promenades and fine plane-trees make the town attractive; but the public buildings, the chief of which are the Saint-Jean-Baptiste cathedral, a heavy building of the 18th century, and the citadel, which serves as barracks and prison, are of small interest."^[6]

• Parc botanique de la Tour Vieille

Notable people

Statue of Louis Pasteur

• Rigord (c. 1150 – c. 1209), chronicler (probable birthplace)
• Jean-Pierre des Ours de Mandajors (1679–1747), historian and playwright
• Jean-Baptiste Dumas (1800–1884), chemist
• Gabriel Montoya (1868–1914), Parisian chansonnier
• Charles Dugas (1885–1957), archaeologist and hellenist
• Edgard de Larminat (1895–1962), general
• Louis Leprince-Ringuet (1901–2000), physicist
• Lucile Randon (1904–2023), supercentenarian and former world's oldest person
• Maurice André (1933–2012), trumpeter
• Catherine Daufès-Roux (born 1963), former Member of Parliament
• Laurent Blanc (born 1965), footballer
• Stéphane Sarrazin (born 1975), sportscar racing driver, rally driver
• Romain Dumas (born 1977), sportscar racing driver
• Audrey Lamy (born 1981), actress and humorist
• Nabil El Zhar (born 1986), footballer
• Vincent Abril (born 1995), sportscar racing driver

Louis Pasteur did his research on the silkworm disease (pébrine and flacherie) at Alès, and the town dedicated a bust to his memory. There is also a statue of the chemist J.B. Dumas.^[6] Alphonse Daudet wrote his semi-autobiographical novel "Le Petit Chose" while teaching at the Collège of Alès.^[9]

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France

Alès is twinned with:^[10]

• Kilmarnock, Scotland, United Kingdom

Climate

Climate data for Alès (Saint-Christol-lès-Alès) (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1949−present)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	22.0 (71.6)	24.4 (75.9)	28.0 (82.4)	32.0 (89.6)	36.0 (96.8)	43.4 (110.1)	40.5 (104.9)	44.1 (111.4)	39.0 (102.2)	33.0 (91.4)	25.4 (77.7)	21.5 (70.7)	44.1 (111.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	11.4 (52.5)	13.0 (55.4)	17.2 (63.0)	20.1 (68.2)	24.3 (75.7)	29.2 (84.6)	32.5 (90.5)	32.0 (89.6)	26.7 (80.1)	20.7 (69.3)	15.1 (59.2)	11.6 (52.9)	21.1 (70.0)
Daily mean °C (°F)	6.4 (43.5)	7.3 (45.1)	10.8 (51.4)	13.7 (56.7)	17.7 (63.9)	22.0 (71.6)	24.8 (76.6)	24.4 (75.9)	19.9 (67.8)	15.4 (59.7)	10.2 (50.4)	6.9 (44.4)	15.0 (59.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	1.5 (34.7)	1.6 (34.9)	4.4 (39.9)	7.3 (45.1)	11.0 (51.8)	14.7 (58.5)	17.2 (63.0)	16.8 (62.2)	13.1 (55.6)	10.0 (50.0)	5.3 (41.5)	2.2 (36.0)	8.8 (47.8)
Record low °C (°F)	−12.5 (9.5)	−17.8 (0.0)	−10.0 (14.0)	−3.1 (26.4)	−0.5 (31.1)	3.0 (37.4)	7.0 (44.6)	5.0 (41.0)	1.9 (35.4)	−2.5 (27.5)	−7.5 (18.5)	−13.0 (8.6)	−17.8 (0.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	82.1 (3.23)	55.7 (2.19)	72.9 (2.87)	83.1 (3.27)	77.7 (3.06)	49.1 (1.93)	38.5 (1.52)	50.3 (1.98)	160.6 (6.32)	153.5 (6.04)	133.2 (5.24)	89.8 (3.54)	1,046.5 (41.20)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)	7.1	4.9	5.6	7.2	7.5	5.3	3.8	5.2	5.9	8.7	8.8	7.3	77.4
Source: Meteociel[11]

See also

• Communes of the Gard department