Aliran Kepercayaan

Aliran Kepercayaan^{[note 1]} (lit. 'the branches/flows of beliefs') is an official cover term for groups of followers of various religious movements. It also includes various, partly syncretic forms of mysticism of new religious movements in Indonesia, such as kebatinan, kejiwaan and kerohanian.^[2] In the Indonesian language, it is also used for new religious movements in other parts of the world. Based on data collected by the Indonesian Conference on Religion and Peace (ICRP), there are about 245 unofficial indigenous religions in Indonesia.^[3]

Followers of aliran kepercayaan in districts of Indonesia (2022)

Characteristics

According to Caldarola, kepercayaan "is not an apt characterization of what the mystical groups have in common".^[2] The US State Department's states:

Sizeable populations in Java, Kalimantan, and Papua practice animism and other types of traditional belief systems termed "Aliran Kepercayaan." Many of those who practice Kepercayaan describe it as more of a meditation-based spiritual path than a religion. Some animists combine their beliefs with one of the government-recognized religions.^[4]

Recognition

Indonesia's Constitutional Court in November 2017 ruled that followers of faiths outside the 6 recognized religions are allowed to state "Kepercayaan kepada Tuhan YME^{[note 2]} in their national identity cards, as a 7th category for Aliran Kepercayaan after judicial review launched by followers of Marapu religion, the Parmalim, Kaharingan, and Sapta Darma [id].^[5]

Examples

• Batak Parmalim
• Buginese Tolotang
• Dayak Kaharingan
• Javanese Kejawèn
• Karo Pemena
• Manusela Naurus
• Mentawai/Sakuddei Arat Sabulungan
• Minahasan Tonaas Walian
• Nias Fanömba adu (Pelebegu)
• Papuan (Asmat, etc.) Adat
• Sangirese Masade
• Sasak Wetu Telu
• Savu Jingi Tiu
• Sumbese Marapu
• Sundanese/Baduy Sunda Wiwitan
• Talaud Adat Musi
• Toraja Aluk Todolo, and others.^[6]

Notes

1. Full: Kepercayaan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa,^[1] "Believer of One Supreme God".^{[citation needed]}
2. Full: Yang Maha Esa