Andesiana

Andesiana is a genus representing its own family Andesianidae and superfamily Andesianoidea, the "Andean endemic moths". It contains three species with a wingspan up to 5.4 cm. in female A. similis and 3.5 cm. in males.^[2] This far surpasses in size any previously known monotrysian moth. These large Microlepidoptera are restricted to Andean South America, from where they were described originally in 1989 in the family Cossidae by their discoverer Patricia Gentili.

Andesiana
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Infraorder:	Heteroneura
Clade:	Eulepidoptera
Clade:	Incurvariina
Superfamily:	Andesianoidea Davis and Gentili, 2003
Family:	Andesianidae Davis and Gentili, 2003
Genus:	Andesiana Gentili, 1989
Type species
Andesiana lamellata Gentili, 1989
Species
Andesiana lamellata Gentili, 1989 Andesiana brunnea Gentili, 1989 Andesiana similis Gentili, 1989
Diversity[1]
1 genus and 3 species

Systematics

The vein "R2" in the hindwing is two-branched, suggesting that the family Andesianidae is basal to the superfamily Nepticulidae, but the way the wings are coupled suggests it had a later origination within the Monotrysia, where it can be placed based on characters of the female reproductive system.^[2] The relationships of Andesiana with representatives of other lepidopteran superfamilies is currently under investigation using DNA sequences .

Morphology and identification

The labial palpi have an elongated second segment, the tibia of the male hindleg has a "hairpencil" contained in a pouch on the femur, and the antennae are "bipectinate" in the male and "filiform" in the female; the proboscis is much reduced.^[2]

Distribution

The genus is found in Nothofagus forests of Andean Chile and Argentina.