Anterior triangle of the neck

The anterior triangle is a region of the neck.

Anterior triangle of the neck
Anterior triangle
Side of neck, showing chief surface markings. (Nerves are yellow, arteries are red.)
Details
Identifiers
Latin	trigonum cervicale anterius trigonum colli anterius regio cervicalis anterior
TA98	A01.2.02.002
TA2	230
FMA	57777
Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

Structure

The triangle is inverted with its apex inferior to its base which is under the chin.^[1]

Inferior boundary (apex)	Jugular notch in the manubrium of the sternum
Anterior boundary	Midline of the neck from chin to the jugular notch
Posterior boundary	The anterior margin of sternocleidomastoid
Superior boundary (base)	The lower border of the body of the mandible, and a line extending from the angle of the mandible to the mastoid process

Investing fascia covers the roof of the triangle while visceral fascia covers the floor.

Anatomy

Muscles:

• Suprahyoid muscles - Digastric (Ant and post belly), mylohyoid, geniohyoid and stylohyoid.
• Infrahyoid muscles - Omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and thyrohyoid.

Nerve supply

2 Bellies of digastric

• Anterior: Mylohyoid nerve
• Posterior: Facial nerve

Stylohyoid: by the facial nerve, by a branch from that to the posterior belly of digastric.

Mylohyoid: by its own nerve, a branch of the inferior alveolar (from the mandibular division of trigeminal nerve), which arises just before the parent nerve enters the mandibular foramen, pierces the sphenomandibular ligament, and runs forward on the inferior surface of the mylohyoid, supplying it and the anterior belly of the digastric.

Geniohyoid: by a branch from the hypoglossal nerve consisting of fibres from the C1 nerve.

Sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid are supplied by ansa cervicalis.

Thyrohyoid: by a branch of hypoglossal nerve but the fibres are all 'hitch-hiking' from C1.

Development

• Anterior: 1st pharyngeal arch
• Posterior: 2nd pharyngeal arch

Divisions

This space is subdivided into four smaller triangles by the digastricus above, and the superior belly of the omohyoideus.

These smaller triangles are named:

• the muscular triangle
• the carotid triangle
• the submandibular triangle
• the submental triangle

Additional images

• 
  Sternocleidomastoid muscle
• 
  Muscles of the neck. Anterior view.
• 
  The triangles of the neck. (Anterior triangles to the left; posterior triangles to the right. Suprahyoid labeled at left.)

See also

• Posterior triangle of the neck