Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture

Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture^[a] is an autonomous prefecture in the northern Xinjiang, China. Its capital is Bole, also known as Bortala. It has a population of 475,483 inhabiting an area of 27,000 km² (10,000 sq mi). Despite being designated an autonomous area for Mongols in China, only a little over five and a half per cent of Bortala's population is Mongol.

Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture
Autonomous prefecture
Name transcription(s)
• Chinese	博尔塔拉蒙古自治州
• Uyghur	بۆرتالا موڭغۇل ئاپتونوم ئوبلاستى
• Mongolian	ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠧᠦ
• Oirat	ᡋᡆᠷᡆᡐᠠᠯᠠ ᡏᡆᡊᡎᡆᠯ ᡄᡋᡄᠷᡄᡃᠨ ᠴᠠᠰᠠᡍᡇ ᡓᡇᡇ
Alashankou railway station
Bortala Mongol Prefecture (red) in Xinjiang (orange)
Coordinates: 44°54′22″N 82°03′59″E
Country	People's Republic of China
Autonomous region	Xinjiang
Prefectural seat	Bole
Area
• Autonomous prefecture	27,000 km2 (10,000 sq mi)
Population  (2019)
• Autonomous prefecture	475,483[1]
• Urban	211,235
GDP [1]
• Autonomous prefecture	CN¥ 35.4 billion US$ 5.1 billion
• Per capita	CN¥ 74,275 US$ 10,749
Time zone	UTC+8 (China Standard)
ISO 3166 code	CN-XJ-27
Website	www.xjboz.gov.cn

Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese	博尔塔拉蒙古自治州
Traditional Chinese	博爾塔拉蒙古自治州
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Bó'ěrtǎlā Měnggǔ Zìzhìzhōu Wade–Giles Po2-êrh3-tʻa3-la1 Mêng3-ku3 Tzŭ4-chih4-chou1
Mongolian name
Mongolian Cyrillic	Борталын монгол үндэстний өөртөө засах жуу
Mongolian script	ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠧᠦ
Transcriptions SASM/GNC Borotal-a-yin Moŋɣol öbertegen jasaqu jėü
Uyghur name
Uyghur	بۆرتالا موڭغۇل ئاپتونوم ئوبلاستى‎
Transcriptions Latin Yëziqi Börtala Mongghul Aptonom Oblasti Yengi Yeziⱪ Bɵrtala Mongƣul Aptonom Oblasti SASM/GNC Börtala Mongĝul Aptonom Oblasti Siril Yëziqi Бөртала Моңғул Аптоном Области
Oirat name
Oirat	ᡋᡆᠷᡆᡐᠠᠯᠠ ᡏᡆᡊᡎᡆᠯ ᡄᡋᡄᠷᡄᡃᠨ ᠴᠠᠰᠠᡍᡇ ᡓᡇᡇ Borotala mongγol ebereen zasaqu ǰuu

Etymology

"Bortala" comes from the Mongolian words boro tala, which mean "brown steppe".

Geography

Bortala is located in the southwestern part of the Dzungarian Basin. It occupies a V-shaped basin between the Dzungarian Alatau in the northwest and the Borohoro Mountains in the southwest.

The prefecture borders Kazakhstan to the north and west, and has an international border of 385 km (239 mi). To the east it borders Wusu City and Toli County of Tacheng Prefecture; to the south it borders Nilka County, Yining County, and Huocheng County of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture.

The prefecture has two large lakes, Ebi-Nur and Sayram Lake.

Administrative divisions

Bortala is divided into two county-level cities, Bole and Alashankou; and two counties: Jinghe County and Wenquan County. In addition, it is home to the Fifth Agricultural Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and its 11 regiment-level farms / ranches.

Map
Bole (city) Alashankou (city) Jinghe County Wenquan County
Name	Hanzi	Hanyu Pinyin	Uyghur (UEY)	Uyghur Latin (ULY)	Mongolian	Population (2010 Census)	Area (km2)	Density (/km2)
Bole[2]	博乐市	Bólè Shì	بۆرتالا شەھىرى	Börtala Shehiri	ᠪᠣᠷᠢᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ	235,585	7,802	30.19
Alashankou	阿拉山口市	Ālāshānkǒu Shì	ﺋﺎﻻﺗﺎﯞ ﺋﯧﻐﯩﺰﻯ	Alataw Shehiri	ᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ	10,000(?)	43	232.55
Jinghe County[2]	精河县	Jīnghé Xiàn	جىڭ ناھىيىسى	Jing Nahiyisi	ᠵᠢᠩ ᠾᠧ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ	141,593	11,189	12.65
Wenquan County[2]	温泉县	Wēnquán Xiàn	ئارىشاڭ ناھىيىسى	Arishang Nahiyisi	ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ	66,502	5,862	11.34

History

Map of the area in the International Map of the World (1960)

The Tang dynasty created the Shuanghe Protectorate [zh] in this area. During the Yuan and Ming dynasties, the area was the territory of the Oirats. Chahar Mongols were moved here during the Qing dynasty from Kalgan, while Torghuud Oirats moved eastwards from the Volga.

The People's Republic of China established the autonomous prefecture on July 13, 1954.

Demographics

There are 35 nationalities in Bortala. According to the 2010 census, 65% of the 443,680 inhabitants are Han Chinese, while the remainder are Mongol, Uyghur, Kazakh, Hui or of other nationalities.^[3]

Population by ethnicity as of 2000 and 2010.^[3]

Ethnicity	Population 2000	%	Population 2010	%
Han	284,915	67.18%	288,220	64.96%
Uyghur	53,145	12.53%	59,106	13.32%
Kazakhs	38,744	9.13%	44,417	10.01%
Mongol	23,927	5.64%	25,125	5.66%
Hui	19,053	4.49%	23,180	5.22%
Dongxiang	1,587	0.37%	1,455	0.33%
Zhuang			345	0.08%
Xibe			273	0.06%
Tibetan			271	0.06%
Tujia			267	0.06%
Manchu			193	0.04%
Russian			114	0.03%
Uzbek			90	0.02%
Kyrgyz			74	0.02%
Others	2,669		550	0.12%
Total	424,100	100%	443,680	100%

Economy

In 2004 the prefecture had a total gross domestic product of 3.69 billion Renminbi (including the XPCC 5th division), an increase of 11.9% over the previous year. Annual total imports and exports totalled US$ 554 million, an increase of 96.8% over the previous year. Average annual salary was 11000 Renminbi, an increase of 7.6%; average annual pure income per capita for agricultural workers was 3904 Renminbi, an increase of 10.8%.

Transport

Alashankou is a port of entry with both railroads and roads linking China with Kazakhstan; it is also one of China's national first-class port of entry (国家一类口岸). The volume of imports / exports passing through Alashankou accounts for 90% of the total for all of Xinjiang, and has been second to only Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia among land ports-of-entry in China for 8 days.

Notes

1. • Chinese: 博尔塔拉蒙古族自治州; pinyin: Bó'ěrtǎlā Měnggǔzú Zìzhìzhōu; abbreviated 博尔塔拉州 or 博州
   • Uyghur: بۆرتالا موڭغۇل ئاپتونوم ئوبلاستى
   • Mongolian: ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠧᠦ