BBCH-scale (Musaceae)

In biology, the BBCH-scale for musaceae describes the phenological development of musaceae using the BBCH-scale.

The phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of musaceae are:

Growth stage	Code			Description
	2 digit	3 digit	4 digit
0: Sprouting or emergence	00	000	0000	Recently planted material (plants from tissue cultures and corns) without visible growth
	05	005	0005	Emergence of the 1st new leaf in plants from tissue cultures or of the foliar shoot of the corn
1: Leaf development	10	100	1000	Formation of the 1st leaf of the planted corn or the candela leaf in tissue culture plants (candela stage 0)
			1002	Leaf 1 at candela stage 2
			1004	Leaf 1 at candela stage 4
			1006	Leaf l at candela stage 6
			1008	Leaf l at candela stage 8
	11	101	1010	One leaf completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 0
			1012	One leaf completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 2
			1014	One leaf completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 4
			1016	One leaf completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 6
			1018	One leaf completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 8
	12	102	1020	Two leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 0
			1022	Two leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 2
			1024	Two leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 4
			1026	Two leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 6
			1028	Two leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 8
	13	103	1030	Three leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 0
			1032	Three leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 2
			1034	Three leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 4
			1036	Three leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 6
			1038	Three leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 8 stages continue till...
	19	109	1090	9 or more leaves (only 2 digit code ) or nine leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 0
			1092	Nine leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 2
			1094	Nine leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 4
			1096	Nine leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 6
			1098	Nine leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 8 stages continue till...
		119	1190	Nineteen or more leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 0
			1192	Nineteen or more leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 2
			1194	Nineteen or more leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 4
			1196	Nineteen or more leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 6
			1198	Nineteen or more leaves completely open and the youngest leaf at candela stage 8
2: Sucker formation	21	201	2010	1st sucker with visible leaf
			2011	1st sucker with visible sword leaf
			2012	1st sucker with visible water leaf
	22	202	2020	2nd sucker with visible leaf
			2021	2nd sucker with visible sword leaf
			2022	2nd sucker with visible water leaf
	23	203	2030	3rd sucker with visible leaf
			2031	3rd sucker with visible sword leaf
			2032	3rd sucker with visible water leaf stages continue till...
	29	209	2090	nine or more suckers with visible leaf
			2091	nine or more suckers with visible sword leaf
			2092	nine or more suckers with visible water leaf
3: Pseudostem elongation	35	305	3050	The pseudostem reaches 50% of its typical thickness and length according to the genome or clone
	39	309	3090	The maximum length and thickness of the pseudostem are reached according to the genome or clone and the formation of new leaves of normal size has been terminated
4: Leaf development of the sucker (sword sucker)	40	400	4000	Sub-phase of dependent growth: the sucker becomes visible and develops the leaf shoot
	41	401	4011	Development of the 1st lanceolate leaf
			4012	Development of the 2nd lanceolate leaf
			4013	Development of the 3rd lanceolate leaf
			4014	Development of the 4th lanceolate leaf
			4015	Development of the 5th lanceolate leaf
			4016	Development of the 6th lanceolate leaf
			4017	Development of the 7th lanceolate leaf
			4018	Development of the 8th lanceolate leaf
			4019	Development of the 9th or more lanceolate leaves
	45	405	4050	Sub-phase of independent growth: leaves of c. 10 cm width are developed (original leaf/zero leaf/F10)
			4051	Development of the 1st leaf of c. 10 cm width
			4052	Development of the 2nd leaf of c. 10 cm width
			4053	Development of the 3rd leaf of c. 10 cm width
			4054	Development of the 4th leaf of c. 10 cm width
			4055	Development of the 5th leaf of c. 10 cm width
			4056	Development of the 6th leaf of c. 10 cm width
			4057	Development of the 7th leaf of c. 10 cm width
			4058	Development of the 8th leaf of c. 10 cm width
			4059	Development of the 9th or more leaves of c. 10 cm width
	49	409	4090	End of this phase is reached with the development of the first leaf with characteristics of the genome or clone (length width ratio, leaf surface index). Beginning of synchronised development of "normal" leaves (FM)
5: Emergence of inflorescence	50	500	5000	The development of new normal leaves has been terminated and the flower bract emergence
	51	501	5010	Flower bract at candela stage 2
	52	502	5020	Flower bract at candela stage 4
	53	503	5030	Flower bract at candela stage 6
	54	504	5040	Flower bract at candela stage 8
	55	505	5050	Flower bract completely open
	59	509	5090	Emergence of the last bract leaf or first sterile bract protecting the flower
6: Flowering	60	600	6000	The stage begins with the emergence of the flower protected by the last bract leaf (1st sterile bract)
	61	601	6010	A bract which does not protect any hand of flowers rises (2nd sterile bract) and the rachis or flower stalk takes a pendulum position
	62	602	6020	The bract rises which protects the first hand of female or pistillate flowers
	63	603	6030	The bract rises which protects the second hand of female or pistillate flowers
	64	604	6040	The bract rises which protects the third hand of female or pistillate flowers
	65	605	6050	Full bloom: at least 50% of the hands of females flowers are developed
	69	609	6090	The bracts which protect the hands wither and fall off and the fingers are bent into a direction perpendicular to the rachis
7: Development of the fruit	70	700	7000	At least 50% of the fingers show an upwards curvature and the fruits (fingers) begin to fill
	71	701	7010	Total exposure of the fingers or female flowers (protective bracts fallen off or bent and withered above the hands)
	72	702	7020	The fingers of the hands show the characteristic curvature of the fruit (upwards and almost parallel to the axis or rachis)
	73	703	7030	From the first two hands up to 30% of the hands have reached the maximum thickness of the fruit
	74	704	7040	Up to 40% of the hands have reached the maximum thickness of the fruit
	75	705	7050	Up to 50% of the hands have reached the maximum thickness of the fruit
	76	706	7060	Up to 60% of the hands have reached the maximum thickness of the fruit
	77	707	7070	Up to 70% of the hands have reached the maximum thickness of the fruit
	78	708	7080	Up to 80% of the hands have reached the maximum thickness of the fruit
	79	709	7090	All hands have reached the maximum thickness of the fruit and no hand shows a loss of weight
8: Ripening of the fruit	80	800	8000	Ripening starts when the fruit has reached the maximum thickness, begins to lose weight and shows changes of the colour by which the degrees of maturity are defined
	81	801	8010	Degree of maturity 1: green. Normal colour of the fresh fruit
	82	802	8020	Degree of maturity 2: tinge of yellow. First modification of colour during the ripening cycle
	83	803	8030	Degree of maturity 3: more green than yellow
	84	804	8040	Degree of maturity 4: more yellow than green
	85	805	8050	Degree of maturity 5: tinge of green
	86	806	8060	Degree of maturity 6: all yellow
	87	807	8070	Degree of maturity 7: yellow with brown specks. Fruit is completely ripe, has the best flavour and a high nutritive value
	88	808	8080	Degree of maturity 8: 20–50% of surface discoloured brown or spoiled
	89	809	8090	Degree of maturity 9: More than 50% of the surface of the fruits is discoloured brown and spoiled
Principal stage 9: Senescence and death	90	900	9000	More than 50% of the surface of the fruits are discoloured brown
	91	901	9010	The leaves the plant shows have died off acropetally and the male flowers have withered, are necrotic and/or have fallen off
	93	903	9030	Total rot and necrosis of the fruits
	95	905	9050	Degeneration (necrosis) of the flower
	97	907	9070	The sheaths enclosed in the pseudostem become brittle which indicates the beginning of necrosis of the pseudostem. The pseudostem turns to be brown
	98	908	9080	Total decomposition of the tissues and fall down of the pseudostem

• Harvested product
• post-harvest or storage treatments take place at stage 99, 909 or 9090

References

• Gonzales, R.; C. Ruiz-Silvera; L. Buhr; H. Bleiholder; H. Hack; U. Meier; H. Wicke. "Proposal for codification of the phenological cycle of edible Musaceae". Ann. Appl. Biol. In preparation.

External links

• A downloadable version of the BBCH Scales