Bengali–Assamese languages

The Bengali-Assamese languages (also Gauda–Kamarupa languages) is a grouping of several languages in the eastern Indian subcontinent. This group belongs to the Eastern zone of Indo-Aryan languages. The languages in this group according to Glottolog includes Assamese, Bengali, Bishnupriya, Chakma, Chittagonian, Hajong, Kharia Thar, Kurmukar, Mal Paharia, Noakhali, Rajbangshi, Rohingya, Sylheti, Tangchangya and Surjapuri.

Bengali-Assamese
Gauda–Kamarupa
Geographic distribution	Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal
Linguistic classification	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Eastern Odia–Bengali-Assamese[1] Bengali-Assamese
Early form	Magadhi Prakrit
Language codes
Glottolog	gaud1237  (Gauda–Kamrupa)
A map showing geographical distribution of the sub-branches of Bengali-Assamese languages according to the classification of Suniti Kumar Chatterji.[2]

Languages

Language	Native name	Script	Alphabet	Number of speakers (in millions)	Native region
Assamese	অসমীয়া Oxomiya	Bengali–Assamese script	Assamese alphabet	15.3[3]	India (Assam)
Bengali	বাংলা Bangla	Bengali–Assamese script	Bengali alphabet	261.8[4]	Bangladesh (national and official)  India (West Bengal, Jharkhand, Tripura, parts of Assam, Andaman and Nicobar islands)
Bishnupriya Manipuri	বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী Bișnupriya Monipuri	Bengali–Assamese script	Bengali alphabet[5]		India (Assam, Manipur and Tripura)  Bangladesh (Sylhet Division)
Chakma	𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟 চাকমা Sangma	Bengali–Assamese script Chakma script Latin script[6]		0.32[7]	Bangladesh (Chittagong Division)  India (Mizoram and Tripura)  Myanmar (Rakhine State)
Chittagonian	চাটগাঁইয়া সিটাইঙগা siʈaiŋga	Bengali–Assamese script Arabic script Latin script[8]	Chittagonian Alphabet	13[9]	Bangladesh (Chittagong Division)  Myanmar (Rakhine State)
Hajong	হাজং Hazong	Bengali–Assamese script Latin script	Assamese alphabet[10][11] Bengali alphabet[12]	0.06[12]	India (Assam and Meghalaya)  Bangladesh (Mymensingh Division)
Rangpuri/ Kamtapuri/ Rajbongshi	রংপুরী কামতাপুৰী ৰাজবংশী राजबंशी Rongpuri Kamatapuri Rajbanshi	Bengali–Assamese script, Devanagari[13]	Bengali alphabet,[14] Assamese alphabet[15]	10.8[14]	Bangladesh (Rangpur Division)  India (West Bengal and Assam)    Nepal (Koshi Province)
Noakhali	নোয়াখাইল্লা Noakhailla	Bengali–Assamese script	Bengali alphabet	12	Bangladesh (Greater Noakhali)  India (Tripura)
Rohingya	رُحَ࣪ڠۡگَ࣪ࢬ‎ 𐴌𐴗𐴥𐴝𐴙𐴚𐴒𐴙𐴝 Ruáingga	Arabic script Hanifi script Latin script[16]		2.52[17]	Myanmar (Rakhine State)  Bangladesh (Chittagong Division)
Surjapuri	सुरजापुरी সুরজাপুরী Surjapuri	Devanagari Bengali–Assamese script	Bengali alphabet	2.26[18]	India (Bihar, West Bengal)    Nepal (Koshi Province)
Sylheti	ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ছিলটি Siloŧi	Bengali–Assamese script Sylheti Nagari script	Sylheti alphabet[19]	11.8[19]	Bangladesh (Sylhet Division)  India (Assam, Meghalaya, North Tripura)
Tanchangya	𑄖𑄧𑄐𑄴𑄌𑄧𑄁𑄉𑄴𑄡 তঞ্চংগ্যা Toncongya	Chakma script[6]		0.02[20]	Bangladesh (Chittagong Hill Tracts)

Language comparison chart

* = borrowed terms (including tatsamas, ardhatatsamas and other borrowings)

English	Assamese	Bengali	Chakma	Chittagonian	Hajong	Kamatapuri	Rohingya	Sylheti
beautiful	dhunia, thogua/thouga, xundor/xundar	śundor*	dol	dishar,šundor			cúndor*, hásin*	šundor*, kubsurot*, mayasurot
big	daṅor/daṅar, bor	boṛo, ḍagor, ḍaṅor		đôñr		boro, daṅar	boro, ákbor*, kobira*	boṛo
blood	tez	rôkto*, khun*, lohu	lo	lou, rôktô			lou, hún*, kún*	lou, roxto*, kun*
bread	ruti (flat), pau*ruti, luf*, bred*	pão*ruṭi, ruṭi (flat)		fõruţi			fiçá, luthi	ruṭi (flat), luf*
brother	bhai (younger), kokai/kaka (elder), dada (elder)*	bhai, dada, bhaiya		bái, bôdda		bhai	bái	bái, báia
cat	mekuri/meukri/mekur, birali/biroli, biral	biṛal, beṛal, billi, bilai, biṛali		bilai/bilei, miúr			bilai	mekur, bilai
dark	andhar, endhar	ãdhar, andhar, ondhokar*		ãdár			añdár, miyonda	andáir
daughter	zi, mai, aapi, zhia, ziori	maiya/meye, konna*, jhi		zee, maifuā		beti	futúni, zíi	zi, fuṛi
day	din, bêla	din, bêla*, roz*, dibôš*		din		din	din	din, ruz*
dog	kukur	kukur, kutta		kuĩr, kutto			kuñr	atu, kutta
door	duar*, dorza*, dar	dôroja/dôrja*, duar*		duōr, kebar		duar*	duar*	xeir, dorza*, duar*
earth	bhũi, p(r)ithiwi/p(r)ithibi*	duniya*, prithibi*, dhora*, jahan*		duniye,fithibi,			duniyai*	duniai*, dunia*, zahan*
egg	koni, dima/dim	ḍim, anḍa, boida*	boda*	đim,anḍa		ḍima	andha, dhim	enḍa, ḍim, boida*
elephant	hati/hathi	hati		áti		hati	áñti, háñtih	átti
eye	soku, sokhu	choukh/chokh, ãkhi, noyon*, chokkhu*		sóg			suk	soku, uki, souk
father	deuta*, bap, büpai/bapa, pitai/pite/piti*, aba/abba/abu/abbu*	bap, abba*, baba, abbu, pita*, waled*		baf, ba,abba			abbá*	baf, bazi
fear	bhoy, dor	bhôy*, ḍor		đôr			ḍor	ḍor
finger	aṅuli/aṅli	aṅgul, onguli*		ôuñl	ouñl			aṅguil
fire	zui, aguni*	aguin/agun, ogni*, nar*, atosh*, anol*, pabok*, dahon*		ôin*		zui	ooin*	aguin*, nar*, atosh*
fish	mas	machh		mas		mas	mas	mas, mai*
food	khüabostu*, khauni, ahar*, khayddo*, khana*	khabar, khaon, khana*, khani*, khaddo*, ahar*		hána		hána, háñna	xani
god	bhogowan*, is(s)or*, deu, probhu*, khuda*	khoda*, isshôr*, bhôgôban*, srishtikorta*, mabud*		khúda*,rôb, ūôr ôla			ila*, rob*, ixor*	mobud*, mola*, rob*, xoda*, bhogòban*
good	bhal	bhalo/bhala		bála, gôm	bhala	bhal	gom	bála
grass	ghah, kher (hay)	ghash, khôṛ (hay)		kér		ghaṣ	kérr	ga, gaš
hand	hat	hat		át		hat	árt	át
hand fan	bisoni/biseni/bisni	hat-pakha, biuni, bijoni		bisôin, bisein				bisoin, fanka
head	mur, matha, math	matha, shir*, kolla*		mata, hôlla			matá	sir*, xolla*, mata
heart (emotion)	hia, ontor*, koliza/koilza, hidoy*	(h)ridôy*, ôntôr*, hiya, dil*, kolob*, kolija/koilja		dil*, hôilze, ridôy, ôntôr			dil*	dil*, hia
heart (organ)	hia, dil, amothu	(h)ritpindô*,dil*, kolija/koilja					dil*	gurda
horse	ghü̃ra/ghora	ghoṛa		gúṛa			gúñra, gúra	gúṛa
house	ghor	ghôr, baṛi, basha, khana*		gór			gor, bari	gór, bari, xan*
hunger	bhük/bhokh	khudha*, khida*, khide*, bhuk		búk			búk	buk, feto(r) buk
language	bhaxa*, mat (call), kotha*, raw	bhasha*, buli, jôban/zôban*	hodá*	basha,zúban,buli		raw, bhaṣa*	zoban*, hodá*	mat, bul, rau, zoban*, basha*
laughter	hãhi	hashi		aši		haṣi		aši
life	zion/ziwon, ziu (soul), hayat*	jibôn*, jindegi*, hayat*		zibon,zindegi*,hayat*		zibon		zindegi*, zibon*, hayat*
moon	zün, sand	chãd/chand, chôndro*, bôdôr*, shôshi*		sãn	san		san	san(d), sondoni
mother	ma, ai, mai, mao, ammi/amma*	ma, amma*, ammu, waleda*, mata*, ai		ma		maö, ai		mai, ai, maizi
mouth	mukh*, mu-	mukh*, mu(h)		mukh*		muk*		muk*
name	nam, naü	nam		nam			nam	nam
night	rati, nixa*	rat/rait, ratri*, shob*		rait		rati	rait	rait, rati, nii, shob*, lailot*
peace	xanti*, xokah	shanti*, aman*, salamôt*		šanti*		ṣanti*		niraii, shanti*, salamôt*
place	thai, zega/zaga*, than	jayga/jaga/jega*, ṭhai, sthan*		ṭai, zāga*				zega*, tan
queen	rani, madoi, patmadoi	rani, shahbanu*		rani		rani	rani	rani, razbibi, sha(h)banu*
rest	zironi, aram*	aram*, bisram*, jirano*, jiron*		dom*,zirôn,aram gôrôn				zirani, aram*
river	noi, gaṅ, nodi*	nôdi*, doriya*, ɡaṅg		dôijja*,dôirge			hál	ɡaṅg, nodi*
road	bat, ali, rasta*, poth*	rasta*, shoṛok, pôth*						sorox, rah*, rasta*, ail, fot*
salt	nimokh*, lün/nun	lôbôn*, nun, nomok*		lôbôn*, lun/nun				nimox*, nun, lobon*
sister	bhoni/boini/boni (younger), ba/bai (elder)	apa*, apu/api, boin/bon, didi		bóin,afa/bôbbu/dî/afu (elder)				bóin, buai
small	xoru, süto	chhoṭo, pati		guro				huru, nii, kuṭimuti, gura, titkina, geda, suṭu
son	put, pü, aapa	chhele, putro*, put, po, bêṭa		(morod) fuā, fut		beṭa	fut	fut, fua
soul	ziu, atma/atta*	atta*, pran*, pôran*, ruh*, jiu		foran*, rû*				ru*, atma*, zaan*
sun	beli	shurjo*, shuruj*		beil, šuroz*			beil	suruz*, shurzo*
ten	doh, dos*	dosh		doš		doṣ		dosh, do
three	tini	tin		tín			tin	tin
village	gaü̃	gram*, gã, gão		geram				gau
waist	kõkal/kakal	komor*, maja		keĩl			keñil	xomor*, xaxal
water	pani	pani, jôl*		fani	pani	pani, zol*	faní	fani, ab*, tam
when	ketia/kitia/kita, kethan/kethen, kesen, ketiyake	kôkhôn, kobe, kon shômôy*, kon bêla		hótte		könbela		kunbala(n->m), kunomoy
wind	botah/batah	batash*, hawa*, ba/bao, bayu*, bat*, anil*		ába*, bataš*				boyar, batash*, hawa*
wolf	kukurnesia bagh, xial (jackal, fox)	nekṛe-bagh, sheyal/shiyal (jackal, fox)		neṛi kutta				atubag, hial (jackal, fox)
woman	maiki manuh, tiri*, tirüta, mohila*	mohila*, nari*, beṭi manush, chheri		maiye fua,maifuā (soft)		beṭi saöa		beṭi, moíla*
year	bosor, son*	bochhor, shal*, borsho*, botshor*		bosor		bosor		fira, bosor, son*, shal*
yes	hoy, o, ü̃, mm	hê/hễ, ji*, agge, hã		ô, ôy			ô, ôy	óe, i, zi* óe
no	nohoy, nai, ühü, na	na, nai/nae/nei, noy, non		nô, nôy			nô, nôy	na, nai, nay
yesterday	kali, züa-kali/zawa-kali	(goto*-)kal(-ke), (gelo-)kal(-ke),kal(-ke)		goto* hail, goto* halia				(gese-)xail(-ku), xail(-ku)
English	Assamese	Bengali	Chakma	Chittagonian	Hajong	Kamatapuri	Rohingya	Sylheti

* = borrowed terms (including tatsamas, ardhatatsamas and other borrowings)

Verbs

English	Assamese	Sylheti	Bengali	Chakma	Chittagonian	Kamatapuri	Rohingya	Hajong
ask	xudh-, xudhpus kor- (investigate)	zika-, fus-, zar-	jiggaśa kor-, puchh-, puch kor-, jiggesh kor-, jiga-		pũsar ɡor-
bite	kamür-, kamür mar-	xamṛa-, xamor maeth[4r]bh=['r45t6h[=]uj[kp=r-	kamoṛ mar-, kamṛa-		hõr-
blow	phu de-, phuk-, phu kor-	fu de-, hu de-	phu deua-
breathe	uxah lo-	dom lo-	šãš ne-, šãš lo-, dôm ne-, dôm lo-
bring	an-	an-	an-		an-
can	par-	far-	par-
catch	dhor-	dór-	dhôr-
come	ah-	a-	aś-		a-		a-	ah-
count	gon-, hisap kor-, gonti kor-	gon-, isab xor-	gon-, hišab kôr-
cry	kand-, kan-	xand-, xan-	kãd-		hãd-
cut	kat-	xaṭ-	kaṭ-
do	kor-	xor-	kôr-		gor-		ɡor-
die	mor-, dhuka-	mor-	môr-		mor-
dig	khand-	kur-, kus-	khõṛ-, khõc-
drink	kha-, pi kha-, pi-	xa-, fia xa-, fi-	kha-, pan kor-, pi-
eat	kha-	xa-	kha-				há-
fall	por-	foṛ-	poṛ-
fear	bhoy kha-, dora-	ḍora-	bhoy pa-, ḍora-
fight	zũz-, maramari/moramori kor-	mair xor-, xaijja xor-	maramari kor-, jhogṛa kôr-
float	üpoṅ-, bhah-	bai-, bo-	bhaš-
flow	bo-	bo-	bo-
fly	ur-	uṛ-	uṛ-		ur-		ur-
give	de-, di-	de-, di-	de-
go	za-, ɡo-/ge-	za-, ɡo-, ɡe-	ja-, ɡe-		za-, zo-		za-, zo-
happen	ho-	ó-	ho-		ó-
hear	xun-	hun-	śun-		un-
hit	mar-, pit-, kila-	mar-, fiț-, kila-	mar-, kela-
kill	mar-, mari pela-	mar-, mari de-	mar-, mere fel-, mariya fal-
know	zan-	zan-	jan-
laugh	hãh-	aś-	haś-		aś-
learn	xik-, xikh-	hik-	śekh-, śikh-					hik-
lie (in bed)	baɡor-, kati ho-, bisonat/bisnat por-	xait o-, hut-	shuye por-
live	thak-, zi(ai) thak-, tik-, basi thak-	tax-, zia-, basi tax-	thak-, jibito thak-, jinda thak-, bece thak-, bãchiya thak-		thah-
look	sa-	sa-	dekh-, ca-, taka-		sa-
open	khul-	kúa-	khol-, khul-		uid-, khúl-
play	khel-	xél-	khel-
pull	tan-	ṭan-	ṭan-
push	thel-	ṭel-, dekka-	ṭhel-
read	porh/poh/por-	foṛ-	poṛ-		foṛ-
run	dour-, daur-	douṛ-	douṛa-, choṭ-, chuṭ-		dũr-
say	ko-, mat-, bul-	xo-, mat-	bol-, ko-	ho-	ho-
scratch	ãsür-	xawza-, xamsa-	ãcoṛ de-, ãcṛa-, khamca-
see	dekh-	dex-	dekh-		sa-
sew	xi-, sila-, bo- (weave)	sia-	śela-, śila
sing	ɡa-, gan ga-	ɡa-	ɡa-, gan ga-
sit	boh-	bo-	boś-		bo-
sleep	xu-, ɡhuma-, tüponi za/mar-	hut-, ɡúma-	ɡhuma-, śo-, śu-		ɡhum za-
smell	xuṅ-	huṅ(ɡ)-	śũk-, śõk-		ũ-
spit	thu pela-, pik-, pik pela-	sef fal-, fik fal- (betel nut/leaf)	thu phel-, thu phal-
split	phal-	atra-	bhag kor-, bhang-
squeeze	sep-, hẽs-	sif-	cap-, pesh-, cip-
stand	thio ho-, thia-	uba-	dãṛa-, khaṛa-			thio-	tía-
stab	khũs-, han-	kus-, gauua-
suck	suh-, sup-, xüh-	sua-	chosh-, chush-
swell		ful-, fit-			phuler
swim	xatũr-	hatra-	śatar kor-, shatra-
think	bhab-, sinta kor-, sint-	bab-, sinta xor-	bhab-, cinta kôr-, mone kôr-
throw	dolia-	ița-, iṭa mar-	chõṛ-, ḍhêla mar-, dol-
tie	bandh-	ban(d)-	bãdh-
vomit	bomi kor-	bait xor-	bomi kor-
walk	khüz karh-, bul-	aṭ-	hãṭ-		ãd-
want	lag-, bisar-	maɡ-, sa-	ca-		sa-
wash	dhu-	dó-	dho-				dú-
wipe	mos-, müs-	fus-, mus-	moch-, much-, poch-, puch-
English	Assamese	Sylheti	Bengali	Chakma	Chittagonian	Kamatapuri	Rohingya	Hajong

See also

• Bangladeshi Manipuri language
• Assamese Manipuri language