Kwanka language

Not to be confused with Kadung language (Chad).

Kadung, or Kadun (Kwaŋ), is a dialect cluster of Plateau languages in Nigeria.

Kadung
Kadun
Native to	Nigeria
Region	Plateau State, Bauchi State
Native speakers	20,000 (2003)[1]
Language family	Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Volta–Congo Benue–Congo Plateau Tarokoid Kadung
Dialects	Kadung (Kadun) Ya (Boi) Bijim (incl. Legeri)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Variously: jbm – Bijim dkg – Kadung tyy – Tiyaa
Glottolog	vagh1247

Varieties

Vaghat
Person	Vaghat
People	Avaghat
Language	Tivaghat

Ya
Person	Ya
People	Aya
Language	Tiya

Kadung or Kadun is the main variety. Others are Ya (Tiyaa) and Bijim.

Vaghat is perceived as distinct from Kadung. Mutual intelligibility between Vaghat/Kadung, Ya and Bijim is fairly low. Kadung and Bijim are more closely related to each other, while Yaa is more divergent.^[2]

Kadung and Ya are endonyms, with loconyms Kadung and Kadun and Boi for Ya.

Distribution

The main settlements are Chinpyàk, Kwànkà, Làrkà, Bùkòʃì, Wùyà, Gileŋ, Kùmbùl, Kaduŋ, Wùʃìmà, ɗə̀kdèy, Kwándarì, Rɔ̀k, Jàrkàn, Dùfyàm, Amusha, and others. They are located in Pankshin LGA and Mangu LGA, Plateau State. Surrounding languages are Mwaghavul, Ngas, Pyem, and Fulani.^[3]

Vaghat

See also: Vaghat people

The Vaghat originally lived in the following hill settlements in Tafawa Balewa and Bogoro LGAs in southwestern Bauchi State.^[4]

• Akusha
• Anjere (no longer inhabited)
• Aruti
• Dala
• Goŋzi
• Gwoɓi (no longer inhabited). There is a cave where the skulls of Vaghat ancestors are kept.
• Kaduk (no longer inhabited)
• Kudal (central village where the chief lived)
• Kwafa
• Maŋgar
• Yaghap
• Yalas
• Yaŋ
• Yɔghɔs (Yaush)
• Yise
• Zhindir

Today, the Vaghat have also moved to many towns and settlements spread across Bauchi State, Plateau State, and Kaduna State (mostly near Zaria).^[4]

Vaghat highland clans are: Āyàlàs, Àyìtūr, Àtòròk, Āyīpàɣí, Āyīgònì, Àyàkdàl, Àyánàvēr, Āyàtōl, Àyàʒíkʔìn, Àyìʤìlìŋ, Áyàshàlà, and Àzàrā.^[5]

Vaghat lowland clans are: Āyàlàs, Àyàkdàl, Àyàʒíkʔìn, Àyàgwàr, and Àyàgyēr.^[5]

The Vaghat people also have a cave in a mountain where they keep the skulls of their ancestors.^[5]

Further reading

• Blench, Roger. 2021. The Kwaŋ language of Central Nigeria and its affinities. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
• Blench, Roger. 2022. The Vaghat language of Central Nigeria. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
• Blench, Roger. 2022. Skull-cults and soul arrows: the religion of the Vaghat people. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.