Hydroselenide

A hydroselenide (or biselenide or selanide) is an ion or chemical compound containing the [SeH]⁻ ion. The radical HSe is a pseudohalogen. Hydroselenide can be a ligand in transition metal complexes where it can be attached to a single atom, or bridge two atoms. The terms used in ligand naming are selanido, or hydrogenselenido.^[1]

Hydroselenide

Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:29317
ChemSpider	4402037
Gmelin Reference	773467
PubChem CID	5232483
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID901344864
InChI InChI=1S/H2Se/h1H2/p-1 Key: SPVXKVOXSXTJOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M
SMILES [SeH-]
Properties
Chemical formula	HSe−
Molar mass	79.980 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Similar compounds include the hydrosulfides, and hydrotellurides. Related compounds include toxic hydrogen selenide gas, hydrodiselenides (HSeSe⁻) and the hydride selenides that do not have a bond between hydrogen and selenium.

Production

HSe⁻ complexes may be formed by reacting H₂Se with a reduced metal complex, forming a hydrido-hyrogenselenido complex. A halide ligand in a complex may be replaced by HSe⁻ from sodium hydroselenide.

A metal-metal bond can be replaced by a selenium bridge, that can then be protonated to yield a bridged complex.^[2]

Properties

Hydroselenides easily react with water or water vapour to produce the malodourous hydrogen selenide.

Hydroselenide occurs naturally in alkaline, oxygen-free waters.^[3]

Use

Hydroselenides have been used to introduce selenium into organic compounds, such as replacing a methylsufide group with selenium.^[4][5]

List

	formula	system	space group	unit cell Å	volume	density	comment	reference
ammonium hydroselenide	[NH4]SeH						at 24.8°C pressure=14 mm Hg	[6]
ethylmethylimidazolinium hydroselenide	[(C2H5)(CH3)C3N2H2]+SeH−	monoclinic	P21/n				melt 102°C	[7]
N-butyl-N-methylpyrollidinium hydroselenide	[(C4H9)(CH3)C4NH8]+SeH−						decompose 149°C; slightly greenish	[7]
sodium hydroselenide	NaSeH	cubic	Fm3m	a=6.26 Z=4	245.3		pale grey; water insensitive	[8][9][10]
(tris(Hydrogen 3-p-tolylpyrazolyl)borato)-hydroselenato-magnesium	[Tpp-Tol]MgSeH	monoclinic	P21/n	a=10.870 b=17.015 c=15.907 β=96.39°				[11]
	LiAlHSeH						grey	[4][12]
MeL=HC[(CMe)N(2,4,6-Me3C6H2)]2–	[MeLAl(μ-SeH)]2(μ-Se)						pale yellow; melt 190°C	[13]
MeL=HC[(CMe)N(2,4,6-Me3C6H2)]2–	[MeLAl(μ-SeH)]2(μ-O)•2CH3C6H5	orthorhombic	Pccn	a=21.111 b=13.118 c=20.256 Z=4	5610	1.280	white; decompose 140°C	[13]
b-diketimi-nato	N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)C(Me)CHC(Me)N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)Al(SeH)2	orthorhombic	Pnma	a=13.065 b=22.049 c=10.55.7 Z=4	3047	1.318	yellow; decompose 220°C; dimerizes	[14]
	N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)C(Me)CHC(Me)N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)(HSe)AlSeAl(SeH)N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)C(Me)CHC(Me)N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)	monoclinic	P21/n	a=12.255 b=27.347 c=17.753 β=98.29° Z=4	5888	1.273	pale yellow; decompose 250°C	[14]
tri-n-butyl-methylphosphinium hydroselenide	[(C4H9)3(CH3)P]+SeH−						melt 57°C	[7]
	KSeH	cubic	Fm3m	a=6.87 Z=4	324.2			[10]
Cp*=(CH3)5(C5H5)	Cp*2Ti(SeH)2							[15]
	(C5H5)2Ti(SeH)2							[15]
	(C5H5)2TiCl(SeH)							[15]
	PPN[Cr(CO)5SeH]						yellow; decompose 94°C	[16]
	PPN[(CO)5Cr]2(μ-SeH)							[16]
	Fe2(CO)6(μ2-SeH)2							[16]
	[(C5H5)Co]2(μ-P(CH3)2)2(μ-SeH)•PF6						red-brown	[17]
	dppeNi(SeH)2							[18]
	RbSeH	cubic	Fm3m	a=7.16 Z=4	331.4			[10]
Cp* = η5-C5Me5	[(Cp*RhCl)2(μ-SeH)2]	orthorhombic	Pccn	a=13.512 b=20.435 c=8.660			red	[19]
	(CH2CH2PPh2)3PRhSeH	hexagonal	P63	a=13.573 c=12.188 Z=2				[20]
	(CH2CH2PPh2)3PRh(SeH){H)CF3SO3							[20]
	CsSeH	cubic	Fm3m	a=4.437 Z=1	87.4			[10]
	Cp*2Ta(Se)SeH							[18]
	AsPh4[(CO)5W]2(μ-SeH)							[16]
	Re2(CO)8(μ2-SeH)2						air sensistive	[16]
	trans-Pt(PEt3)2(SeH)2						yellow; air sensitive	[18]
	trans-Pt(PEt3)2(SeH)2(H)2							[16]
	trans-Pt(PEt3)2(SeH)H						white; melt 135°C; air sensitive	[18]
	PtH(SeH)(PPh3)2						air stable;melt 135°C	[16]
	Pt(PEt3)2(SeH)Cl(H)2							[2]
	Pt(PEt3)2(SeH)Br(H)2							[2]
	Pt(PEt3)2(SeH)I(H)2							[2]
	IrCl(CO)(PPh3)2(SeH)(H)						air sensitive; decompose >160°C	[16][2]
Cp* = η5-C5Me5	[(Cp*IrCl)2(μ-SeH)2]						yellow	[19]
	(t-BuC5H4)2Nb(η2-Te2)H						dark orange	[21]
(AdArO)3N3− = tris(2-hydroxy-3-adamantyl-5-methylbenzyl)amine)	[((AdArO)3N)U(CH3OC2H4OCH3)(SeH)]							[22]
	{((AdArO)3N)U}2(μ-SeH)2							[22]
(4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane)-potassium selenido-{2,2',2''-[(1,4,7-triazonane-1,4,7-triyl)tris(methylene)]tris[4-methyl-6-(tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decan-1-yl)phenolato]}-uranium	((Ad,MeArO)3tacn)U(SeH)	hexagonal	P63	a=14.920 c=19.254 Z=2	3711.9	1.451	brown	[23]