Borum languages

Macro-Jê language branch of Brazil From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Borum languages

The Borum languages, also known as Aimoré and formerly Botocudoan, now sometimes Krenakan after the last language remaining, are a branch of the Macro-Jê languages – spoken mainly in Brazil – including moribund Krenak and extinct languages such as Guerén and Nakrehé. Loukotka (1968)[1] considered them dialects of a single language, but more recent treatments (Campbell 1997, Campbell 2012)[2] describe at least some of them as separate languages.

Quick Facts Geographic distribution, Ethnicity ...
Borum
Aimoré, Botocudo
Geographic
distribution
Brazil
EthnicityAimoré
Linguistic classificationMacro-Jê
  • Borum
Subdivisions
Language codes
Glottologkren1239
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Languages

A fair amount of lexical data was collected before the majority of languages became extinct.

Loukotka (1968)

Loukotka (1968) illustrates the following:

Krekmun/Kraik-mús, Krenak (Crenaque), Pejaurún (Cajaurun), Naknanuk (Nacnhanuc, Nakyananiuk), Xiporoc (Shiporoc, Yiporok, Djiporoca), Nak-Ñapma, Bakuen (Bacuen, Bocué), Nakrehé (Nacrehé), Aranãa, Miñan-yirugn, Pojichá (Pozyichá), Gueren

and mentions sources of data for:

Uti Krag (Guti Krag, Ngùd-Kràg),

reported in 1913 to still be spoken. Miñan-yirugn and some of the other might still have been spoken in Loukotka's time.

Other varieties sometimes reported in the literature, but of which nothing is known, include Ankwet (Anquet) and Xónvúgn (Chonvugn).

Mason (1950)

Mason (1950) lists:[3]

Botocudo (Aimboee, Borun)
  • Araná (Aranya)
  • Crecmun
  • Chonvugn (Crenak)
  • Gueren
  • Gutucrac: Minya-yirugn (Minhagirun)
  • Nachehe (Nakrehe)
  • (Yiporok [Giporok]: Poicá [Poyishá, Požitxá])
  • (Anket ?)
  • (Nacnyanuk ?)

Varieties

Summarize
Perspective

Below is a full list of Botocudo (Aimoré; Batachoa) varieties listed by Loukotka (1968), including names of unattested varieties.[1]

Vocabulary

Several lexical loans from one of the Língua Geral varieties have been found identified. Examples include tuŋ ‘flea’ and krai ‘non-Indigenous person, foreigner’.[4]

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for the Botocudo languages.[1]

More information gloss, Krekmun ...
glossKrekmunKrenakPejaurúnNaknanukShiporokNak-ñapmaBakuenNakrehéAranaaMiñan-YirugnPojicháGueren
head keränkrenkrénkrenkrénkrénkrendkrenkrenkrenkren
tooth kiyunkizyunkiyúnkiyunzyunkzyunʔkizyuʔundzyonkiyúdnkuzyun
water mañanmuñanmuñámmiñammuñanmʔnamiñaʔanmiñangamãyánmiñan
fire shompekzyonpekshompeikchonpekchonpökchompékshampekshompekchonpekchompékzyanpekghompek
sun tarútarútarútarútarútarútepótépótepótepómanué
earth naknáknáknaknaknaknaknaknaknak
bird bakánbokounbakanbakanbakanbakanbokenbakan
jaguar kuparakkuparagkuparákkuparakkuparákkuparakikuparakuparakkuparakkepó
bow uazyíkauzyikuásikuaishikuazyikuazyikuazyik
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Footnotes

References

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