Balearic green toad

The Balearic green toad (Bufotes balearicus) is a species of anuran, a toad, belonging to the true toad family, Bufonidae, from Italy and islands in the western Mediterranean Sea. It is mostly a lowland species, but can be found as high as 1,300 m (4,300 ft) asl in central Italy.^[1]

Balearic green toad
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Bufonidae
Genus:	Bufotes
Species:	B. balearicus
Binomial name
Bufotes balearicus (Boettger, 1880)
Synonyms
Bufo balearicus Boettger, 1880 Bufo variabilis var. balearica Boettger, 1880 Bufo viridis balearicus Boettger, 1880 Pseudepidalea balearica (Boettger, 1880)

Distribution

The Balearic green toad, in spite of the name, this species is native to Italy (where it is present on all territories except for the extreme north-east, south-east and south-west) and Corsica.^[1] It was probably introduced to the Balearic Islands in prehistoric times,^[2] where it is common but declining.^[1] Its formerly extended into Switzerland and there have been (so far) unsuccessful reintroduction attempts in that country.^[3] Its range meets that of the similar and closely related European green toad (B. viridis) in far northeastern Italy and that of the Sicilian green toad (B. boulengeri siculus) in easternmost Sicily.^[3][4] This species appears to have been introduced, either accidentally or deliberately, to the Balearic Islands from Sardinia and Corsica, probably in the Bronze Age.^[5]

Taxonomy and appearance

Specimen in San Vincenzo, Tuscany, calling

The Balearic green toad was first formally described in 1880 as Bufo variabilis Pall. var. balearica by Oskar Boettger with its type locality given as the Balearic islands of Menorca and Mallorca.^[6] Once considered the same as the European green toad, molecular genetic data now firmly support its status as a separate species.^[4][7] There is some hybridization where their ranges come into contact; hybridization with the Sicilian green toad is extremely limited.^[3][8] The three species are very similar, but the Balearic green toad has paratoid glands with brownish or reddish spots.^[3]