Build! Build! Build!

The Build! Build! Build! Infrastructure Program (BBB) was the infrastructure program of the administration of Rodrigo Duterte, the 16th president of the Philippines. A key component of his socioeconomic policy, the program aimed to reduce poverty, encourage economic growth and reduce congestion in Metro Manila, and address the country's infrastructure gap.^[1][2] Launched on April 18, 2017,^[3] the program also included the continuation of 44 infrastructure projects under previous administrations.^[4][5]

Build! Build! Build! logo

The Build! Build! Build! program was superseded by the Build Better More (BBM) infrastructure program of the administration of Duterte's successor, Bongbong Marcos;^[6] government officials have described the new program as an expansion of the BBB program.

List of associated projects

In November 2019, the government revised its list of flagship infrastructure projects under the program, expanding it to 100.^[7][8] It was revised again in August 2020, bringing the total number of projects to 104, expanding its scope included health, information and communications technology, as well as water infrastructure projects to support the country's economic growth and recovery from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. As of September 11, 2020, 24 projects were still in the approval & planning stages, while 80 were under implementation.^[9]

Construction of the North–South Commuter Railway in Balagtas, Bulacan

The Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange in Parañaque

Public transportation

Project	Construction	Status	Completion date	Ref.
Rail transportation
LRT Line 1 south extension	2019–2024	Under-construction	2024	[10]
LRT Line 2 east extension	2015–2021	Completed	July 5, 2021	[11]
LRT Line 2 west extension		Proposed		[12]
MRT Line 3 rehabilitation	2019–2022	Completed	March 22, 2022	[12]
MRT Line 4		Proposed		[12]
LRT Line 6		Proposed		[12]
MRT Line 7	2016–	Under-construction	2025	[13]
Metro Manila Subway (Phase 1)	2019–	Under-construction	2027	[14]
MRT Line 10		Proposed		[12]
MRT Line 11		Proposed		[12]
North Triangle Common Station	2017–	Under-construction		[15]
Panay Railway		Proposed		[16]
PNR North–South Commuter Railway (NSCR)	2019–	Under-construction	2025	[17]
PNR South Long Haul		Proposed	2025	[17]
SkyTrain (Fort Bonifacio–Makati SkyTrain)		Proposed		[12]
Subic–Clark Railway		Proposed	2024	[18]
Mindanao Railway Phase 1 (Tagum–Davao–Digos Segment)		Proposed		[19]
Cebu Monorail System		Proposed		[12]
Urban transportation
Cebu BRT System	2023–	Under-construction		[12]
Davao Public Transport Modernization project		Ongoing		[12]
EDSA Busway Concourse project	2021–2022	Under construction	2022	[20]
Metro Manila BRT Line 1 (Quezon Avenue)		Proposed		[12]
Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange	2015–2018	Completed	November 5, 2018	[12]
Taguig Integrated Terminal Exchange	2018–2027	Under-construction	2027	[12]

Construction of the Cebu–Cordova Link Expressway in October 2021

Expansion of the Subic Freeport Expressway

Roads

Project	Construction	Status	Completion date	Ref.
Bacolod–Negros Occidental Economic Highway	2017–2024	Under-construction	2024	[12][21]
Boracay Circumferential Road	2018–2022	Completed	March 12, 2022	[12][22][23]
Cabagan–Santa Maria Bridge	2014–2025	Completed	February 1, 2025	[24]
Cagayan de Oro Coastal Road	1997–2017	Completed	November 10, 2017	[12][25]
Camalig Bypass Road	?–2021	Completed	June 15, 2021	[26]
Camarines Sur High-Speed Highway	2019–	Under-construction		[12]
Davao City Bypass Road	2020–2022	Under-construction	2022	[27]
Davao City Coastal Road	2017–2023	Completed	July 1, 2023	[27]
EDSA Greenways	2022–2024	Proposed	November 2024	[12][28][29]
Iconic Bridges for Socio Economic Development		Under-construction		[12]
Improving Growth Corridors in Mindanao Road Sector Project (former Tawi-Tawi Interlink Bridge and Guicam Bridge)		Under-construction		[30]
Mindanao Development Road Network		Under-construction		[30]
New Bacolod Economic Highway		Under-construction		[30]
Pasacao–Balatan Tourism Coastal Highway	2019–	Under-construction		[12]
Road Network Development Project in Conflict Affected Areas in Mindanao		Under-construction		[30]
Samar Pacific Coastal Road	2018–2022	Completed	June 28, 2022	[12][31]
Sariaya Bypass Road	2014–2021	Completed	October 21, 2021	[32]
Sindangan-Bayog-Lakewood Road	2014–2022	Under-construction	2022	[12]
Sorsogon City Coastal Road	2015–2020	Completed	August 30, 2020	[33]
Surallah-T'boli-San Jose Road	2016–2022	Under-construction	2022	[12]
Urdaneta City Bypass Road	2019–2021	Completed	January 18, 2021	[12][34]
Inter-island Bridges
Bataan–Cavite Interlink Bridge	2022-2027	Proposed	2027	[35]
Cebu–Mactan Bridge and Coastal Road Construction project		Proposed		[12]
Coron–Culion Bridge	2021–	Under-construction		[citation needed]
Davao–Samal Bridge		Proposed		[36]
Mindoro–Batangas Super Bridge		Proposed		[37]
Panay–Guimaras–Negros Bridge (Phase 1)		Proposed		[12]
Panglao-Tagbilaran City Offshore Connector Bridge		Under-construction		[12]
Panguil Bay Bridge	2021–2024	Completed	September 27, 2024	[30][38]
Samal Island-Davao City Connector Bridge		Proposed		[12]
Roma Point Bridge	2018–	Under-construction		[39]
Expressways
Cebu–Cordova Link Expressway (CCLEX)	2018–2022	Completed	April 27, 2022	[40]
Davao City Expressway		Proposed		[12]
Metro Cebu Expressway	2018–2022	Under-construction	2022	[30]
Pasig River Expressway	2021–2023	Under-construction	2023	[41]
Luzon Spine Expressway Network[30][42]
C-5 Southlink Expressway	2016–2022	Under-construction	2022	[43][44]
Cavite–Laguna Expressway (CALAX)	2018–2023	Under-construction	September 2023
Cavite–Tagaytay–Batangas Expressway		Proposed		[12]
Central Luzon Link Expressway (CLLEX)	2017–2021	Completed	July 15, 2021	[42]
Metro Manila Skyway Stage 3	2014–2021	Completed	January 15, 2021	[45][44]
SLEX Elevated Extension	2019–2021	Completed	February 15, 2022	[44]
North Luzon East Expressway (NLEE)		Under-construction		[42]
NLEX Harbor Link	2014–2020	Completed	June 15, 2020	[44][46]
NLEX Harbor Link Extension to Anda Circle		Proposed		[12]
NLEX Connector	2019–2022	Under-construction	March 2022	[45][43][44]
Plaridel Bypass Road (Phase 2 and 3)	2014–2020	Completed	December 2020	[47]
Quezon–Bicol Expressway		Cancelled		[12]
Southeast Metro Manila Expressway (SEMME)	2018–2022	Under-construction	2022	[43]
SLEX Toll Road 4	2019–2022	Under-construction	2022	[42]
SLEX Toll Road 5		Approved		[42]
Subic Freeport Expressway Expansion	2019–2021	Completed	February 19, 2021	[48]
Tarlac–Pangasinan–La Union Expressway (TPLEX) Extension		Proposed		[42]
Metro Manila Logistics Improvement Network[49]
Binondo–Intramuros Bridge	2018–2022	Completed	April 5, 2022	[49][44]
Eastbank–Westbank Bridge 2	2021–2023	Proposed	2023	[50]
New Estrella–Pantaleon Bridge	2019–2021	Completed	July 29, 2021	[49][44]
Bonifacio Global City-Ortigas Center Link Road (Santa Monica–Lawton Bridge and Viaduct)	2018–2021	Completed	September 30, 2021	[49][44]
J.P. Rizal–Lopez Jaena Bridge		Proposed		[50]
J.P. Rizal–St. Mary Bridge		Proposed		[50]
Laguna Lake Highway	2016–2018	Completed	November 15, 2018	[43]
Lawton Avenue Expansion	2017–2022	Completed	May 2022	[51]
Marikina–Vista Real Bridge		Proposed		[50]
Mindanao Avenue Extension	2017–	Under-construction		[43][44]
North–South Harbor Bridge	2021–2023	Proposed	2023	[50]
Palanca–Villegas Bridge	2021–2023	Proposed	2023	[50]
Metro Manila Priority Bridges Seismic Improvement Project[50]
Guadalupe Bridge Rehabilitation		Proposed		[50][43]
Lambingan Bridge Vertical Improvement		Proposed		[50][43]

Airports

Bohol–Panglao International Airport

Project	Construction	Status	Completion date	Ref.
Bacolod–Silay International Airport		Proposed		[12]
Bicol International Airport Development project (New Legazpi)	2016–2021	Completed	October 7, 2021	[52]
Bohol–Panglao International Airport (New Bohol International Airport)	2016–2018	Completed	November 27, 2018	[53]
Calbayog Airport expansion	2017–2021	Completed	May 5, 2021
Clark International Airport expansion project Phase 1	2017–2022	Completed	May 2, 2022	[54][55]
M'lang (Central Mindanao) Airport Development project		Proposed		[12]
Francisco Bangoy International Airport expansion		Proposed		[12]
General Santos International Airport expansion	2018–2021	Completed	November 2021	[56]
Iloilo International Airport expansion		Proposed		[12]
Kalibo International Airport expansion	2018–2021	Completed	June 4, 2021	[12][57]
Laguindingan Airport expansion		Proposed		[12]
Mactan–Cebu International Airport expansion	2015–2021	Completed	May 5, 2021	[58]
New Manila International Airport	2020–2026	Under-construction	2026	[59]
Ninoy Aquino International Airport expansion		Proposed		[12]
Puerto Princesa International Airport expansion		Proposed		[60]
Sangley Point Airport	2019–2020	Completed	February 15, 2020	[61]
Siquijor Airport upgrading and expansion	2018–2021	Completed	August 26, 2021	[62]
Cagayan North International Airport (Lal-lo International Airport)	?–18	Completed	March 23, 2018	[52]

Seaports

Project	Construction	Status	Completion Date	Ref.
Borac Port	?–2019	Completed	November 2019	[63]
New Cebu International Container Port	2021–2024	Proposed	March 28, 2024	[12]
Port of San Fernando	2019–2020	Completed	June 2020	[63]
Port of Bataraza	?–2018	Completed	February 15, 2018	[63]

Urban development

Phase 1 of the New Clark City

Project	Construction	Status	Completion date	Ref.
Ambal Simuay River and Rio Grande de Mindanao Flood Control projects		Proposed		[18]
Bayanihan 2 Bike Lane Networks	2021	Completed	June 30, 2021	[64][65][66]
Cavite Industrial Area Flood Management Program		Proposed		[67]
Emergency Assistance for Reconstruction and Recovery of Marawi (Output 2: Reconstruction and Development Plan for a Greater Marawi, Stage 2)	2017–2022	Under-construction	2022	[12]
Integrated Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation in Low-Lying Areas of Pampanga Bay	2018–2022	Under-construction	March 2022	[12][68]
Leyte Tide Embankment	2016–2022	Under-construction	2022	[30]
Marawi Rehabilitation (China Grant) a.) Bridge and Bypass project b.) Grand Padian Market and Sports Complex	2017–2021	Under-construction	December 2021	[12]
New Clark City Phase 1: a.) National Government Administrative Center Phase 1A b.) Filinvest Mixed Use Industrial Development Phase 1 (Site Development)	2016–2019	Completed	October 2019	[12][55][69]
Pasig–Marikina River Channel Improvement project (Phase IV)		Under-construction
Reconstruction and Development Plan for Greater Marawi	2017–2022	Under-construction	2022	[12]

Water resources

Project	Construction	Status	Completion date	Ref.
Angat Water Transmission Improvement project	2016–2020	Completed	June 2020	[70]
Aqueduct No. 7 project		Proposed		[12]
Balog-Balog Multipurpose project Phase II		Under-construction		[12]
Bohol Northeast Basin Multipurpose Dam project		Proposed		[12][67]
Chico Pump Irrigation project	2018–2022	Completed	June 2022	[71][72]
Jalaur River Multipurpose project Phase II	2019–2022	Under-construction	2022	[12][73]
Lower Agno River Irrigation System Improvement project	2018–2022	Under-construction	December 2022	[15]
National Irrigation Sector Rehabilitation and Improvement project	2013–	Ongoing		[12]
New Centennial Water Source – Kaliwa Dam project		Under-construction	2026	[12][67][74]
Malitubog-Maridagao Irrigation project		Proposed		[12]
Water District Development Sector projects (ADB-WDDSP)		Proposed		[12]
Wawa Bulk Water Supply project		Proposed		[12]
Agus 3 Hydroelectric Power project (225 MW)		Proposed		[12]
Agus-Pulangi Hydropower Rehabilitation project		Proposed		[12]

Information and communications technology

Project	Construction	Status	Completion Date	Ref.
ICT Capability Development and Management Program		Under-construction		[12][75]
LTO Command Center		Proposed		[12]
Luzon Bypass Infrastructure project		Completed		[12][55][75]
Motor Vehicle Recognition and Enhancement System		Proposed		[12]
National Broadband Program		Under-construction		[12][75]
National Government Data Center		Proposed		[12]
National Interoperable Automatic Fare Collection System project (formerly Automated Fare Collection Clearing House)		Proposed		[12]
Philippine Identification System	2020-	Ongoing		[12][76]
Road Transport Information Technology Infrastructure project Phase I (LTO IT)		Under-construction	2022	[12][75]
Safe Philippines Project Phase 1		Proposed		[12]

Health

Project	Construction	Status	Completion Date	Ref.
Virology Science and Technology Institute of the Philippines		Proposed		[12][77]

Impact

As of July 2021, 214 airport projects, 451 commercial social and tourism port projects, 29,264 kilometers (18,184 mi) of roads, 5,950 bridges, 11,340 flood control projects, 11,340 evacuation centers, and 150,149 classrooms had been completed under the infrastructure program.^[78][79] The numbers cited include newly-built infrastructure, and projects involving the repair, rehabilitation, widening, and expansion of existing infrastructure.^[80]

By April 28, 2022, two months before Duterte left office, 12 out of 119 infrastructure flagship projects (IFP) under the Build Build Build program have been completed.^[81] Government officials emphasized that despite the low completion rate of IFPs, the Duterte administration had consistently spent more on infrastructure than past administrations.^[81] The remaining projects will be passed on to future administrations for completion and consideration.^[81]

The Philippine Daily Inquirer, citing a study from Pantheon Macroeconomics, wrote that "the Duterte administration had failed to achieve its ambitious spending targets despite having rolled out more infrastructure projects under the BBB program", citing the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic which affected infrastructure spending in 2020 as large portions of the budget had been reallocated to COVID-19 response efforts.^[82]