Calcium titanate

This article is about the chemical. For the mineral, see Perovskite.

Calcium titanate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CaTiO₃. As a mineral, it is called perovskite, named after Russian mineralogist, Lev Perovski (1792–1856). It is a colourless, diamagnetic solid, although the mineral is often coloured owing to impurities.

Calcium titanate

Names
Other names calcium titanium oxide
Identifiers
CAS Number	12049-50-2 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	17340234 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.031.795
PubChem CID	16212381
RTECS number	XR2568666
UNII	6RX87EZD0Z Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID70890839 DTXSID60583622, DTXSID70890839
InChI InChI=1S/Ca.3O.Ti/q+2;;2*-1; Y Key: AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1/Ca.3O.Ti/q+2;;2*-1;/rCa.O3Ti/c;1-4(2)3/q+2;-2 Key: AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-SLQOSCGQAQ
SMILES [Ca+2].[O-] [Ti]([O-])=O
Properties
Chemical formula	CaTiO3
Molar mass	135.943 g/mol
Appearance	white powder
Density	4.1 g/cm3
Melting point	1,975 °C (3,587 °F; 2,248 K)
Boiling point	3,000 °C (5,430 °F; 3,270 K)
Solubility in water	insoluble
Hazards
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	>1200 mg/kg (oral, rat)
Thermochemistry
Std molar entropy (S⦵298)	93.64 J/mol·K [1]
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−1660.630 kJ/mol [1]
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵)	−1575.256 kJ/mol [1]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

Synthesis

CaTiO₃ can be prepared by the combination of CaO and TiO₂ at temperatures >1300 °C. Sol-gel processes has been used to make a more pure substance, as well as lowering the synthesis temperature. These compounds synthesized are more compressible due to the powders from the sol-gel process as well and bring it closer to its calculated density (~4.04 g/ml).^[2]

Structure

Main article: Perovskite (structure)

Calcium titanate is obtained as orthorhombic crystals, more specifically perovskite structure.^[3] In this motif, the Ti(IV) centers are octahedral and the Ca²⁺ centers occupy a cage of 12 oxygen centres. Many useful materials adopt related structures, e.g. barium titanate or variations of the structure, e.g. yttrium barium copper oxide.^{[citation needed]}

Applications

Calcium titanate has relatively little value except as one of the ores of titanium, together with several others. It is reduced to give titanium metal or ferrotitanium alloys.^[4]

See also

• Perovskite
• Perovskite (structure)
• Perovskite solar cell