Cambay Shale Formation

The Cambay Shale Formation is an Early Eocene-aged geologic formation in the Cambay Basin, India. It varies in thickness from a few meters on the margins of the basin to more than 2,500m in the depressions. It directly overlies the Olpad Formation and is, in turn, overlain by the Anklesvar Formation in the southern part of the basin and by Kalol Formation in the northern part of the basin. Further north, the Cambay Shale, in its lower part, is gradually replaced by tongues of paralic-deltaic Kadi Formation and finally by Tharad Formation.^[1]

Cambay Shale Formation
Stratigraphic range: Early Eocene ~55–54 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Type	Geological formation
Location
Region	Gujarat
Country	India
Cambay Shale Formation (India) Show map of India Cambay Shale Formation (Gujarat) Show map of Gujarat

Paleobiota

Vertebrates

Mammals

Source:^[2]

Anthracobunians from the Cambay Shale formation
Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Notes	Images
Cambaytherium	C. thewissi C. gracilis C. bidens		A cambaytheriid.
Kalitherium	K. marinus		Another cambaytheriid.
Indobune	I. vastanensis		A possible anthracobunid.

Primates[3] from the Cambay Shale formation
Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Notes	Images
Asiadapis	A. cambayensis A. tapiensis		An Asiadapine.
Marcgodinotius	M. indicus		Another Asiadapine.
Vastanomys	V. gracilis V. major		A omomyid.

Hyaenodonts from the Cambay Shale formation
Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Notes	Images
Indohyaenodon	I.raoi		A hyaenodont.

Dichobunids from the Cambay Shale formation
Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Notes	Images
Gujaratia	G.indica G.pakistanensis		A Diacodexeid.

Tapiromorphs from the Cambay Shale formation
Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Notes	Images
Cambaylophus[4]	C. vastanensis		A tapiromorph.
Vastanolophus[5]	V. holbrooki		A tapiromorph.

Cimolestans from the Cambay Shale formation
Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Notes	Images
Suratilestes	S. gingerichi		A cimolestan.
Anthraconyx	A. hypsomylus		A esthonychid

Bats from the Cambay Shale formation
Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Notes	Images
Archaeonycteris	A. storchi		A bat.
Protonycteris	P. gunnelli		A bat.
Cambaya	C. complexus		A bat.
Hassianycteris	H. kumari		A bat.
Icaronycteris	I. sigei		A bat.
Jaegeria	J. cambayensis		A bat.
Microchiropteryx	M. folieae		A bat.

Other mammals from the Cambay Shale formation
Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Notes	Images
Frugivastodon	F. cristatus		A apatemyid.
Indolestes	I. kalamensis		An adapisoriculid.
Indodelphis	I. luoi		A opossum.
Meldimys[6]	M. musak		A rodent.
Indonyctia[7]	I. cambayensis		A nyctitheriid.
Pahelia	P. mysteriosa		A herbivorous mammal of uncertain affinities.[8]

Birds

Birds from the Cambay Shale formation
Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Notes	Images
Vastanavis	V.eocaena		A parrot.

Reptiles

Lizards from the Cambay Shale formation
Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Notes	Images
Indiagama	I. gujarata		A iguanian.
Suratagama	S. neeraae		A iguanian.
Tinosaurus	T. indicus		A iguanian.
Vastanagama	V. susanae		A iguanian.
Heterodontagama	H. borsukae		A priscagamid iguanian.

Snakes from the Cambay Shale formation
Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Notes	Images
Platyspondylophis	P. tadkeshwarensis		A Madtsoiid.
Russellophis	R. crassus		A russelophiid.
Procerophis	P. sahnii		A snake.
Thaumastophis	T. missiaeni		A snake.
Palaeophis	P. vastaniensis		A paleophiid snake.

Amphibians

Amphibians from the Cambay Shale formation
Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Notes	Images
Eobarbourula	E. delfinoi		A toad.
Indorana	I.prasadi		A frog.

Ray-finned fish

Ray-finned fish from the Cambay Shale formation
Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Material	Notes	Images
Avitoplectus	A. molaris		Lower jaw	A bizarre tetraodontiform.[9]
Diodon	D. sp.		Teeth	A porcupinefish.[10]
Egertonia	E. sp.		Teeth	A phyllodontid elopomorph.[10]
?Enchodus	?E. sp.		Teeth	An enchodontid aulopiform. Among the latest known remains of this otherwise Cretaceous genus,[10] but may potentially represent reworked material from lower layers.[11]
Eotrigonodon	E. indicus		Teeth	A pycnodont.[10]
Eutrichiurides	E. sp.		Teeth	A cutlassfish.[10]
Osteoglossidae indet.			Teeth, scales	A bonytongue.[10]
Sphyraena	S. sp.		Teeth	A barracuda.[10]
Stephanodus	S. lybicus		Teeth	A pycnodont.[10]

Arthropods

Crabs

Crabs from the Cambay Shale formation
Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Notes	Images
Philyra	P. karkata		A leucosiid crab.

Insects

Beetles from the Cambay Shale formation
Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Notes	Images
Protoclaviger[12]	P.trichodens		A Beetle.
Cambaltica	C. paleoindica		A Flea Beetle.
Paleosorius	P. cambayensis		A Rove Beetle.

Hemipterans[13] from the Cambay Shale formation
Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Notes	Images
Heteromargarodes	H. hukamsinghi H. americanus		A sand pearl.
Normarkicoccus	N. cambayae		A diaspidid scale insect.

Neuropterans from the Cambay Shale formation
Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Notes	Images
Spiloconis[14]	S. sexguttata S. glaesaria S. oediloma S. eominuta		A Aleuropterygine Coniopterygid.

Bees from the Cambay Shale formation
Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Notes	Images
Melikertes[15]	M. (Paramelikertes) gujaratensis M. (Melikertes) kamboja		A bee.

Wasps from the Cambay Shale formation
Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Notes	Images
Trichelyon	T. tadkeshwarense		A braconid wasp.

Termites[16] from the Cambay Shale formation
Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Notes	Images
Nanotermes	N. isaacae		A termitid termite.
Prostylotermes	P. kamboja		A Stylotermitid termite.
Parastylotermes	P. krishnai		A Stylotermitid termite.
Zophotermes	Z. ashoki		A Rhinotermitid termite

Flies from the Cambay Shale formation
Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Notes	Images
Sycorax[17]	S. longistyla		A moth fly.
Phlebotoiella	P. eoindianensis		A moth fly of unceritian affinities.
Dicranomyia	D. (Dicranomyia) indica		The oldest known Crane fly and tipulomorph.[18]
Stempellina	S.pollex S.stebneri		A non-biting midge
Tanytarsus	T.forfex T.ramus		A non-biting midge
Camptopterohelea	C. odora		A non-biting midge
Eohelea	E. indica		A biting midge
Gedanohelea	G. gerdesorum		A biting midge
Indorrhina	I.sahnii		A biting midge
Lygistorrhina	L. indica		A biting midge
Meunierohelea	M. borkenti		A biting midge
Meunierohelea	M. cambayana		A biting midge
Meunierohelea	M. orientalis		A biting midge
Palaeognoriste	P. orientale		A biting midge

Webspinners from the Cambay Shale formation
Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Notes	Images
Kumarembia	K. hurleyi		One of the few fossil Webspinners known.

Arachnids

Whip spiders from the Cambay Shale formation
Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Notes	Images
Paracharonopsis[19]	P. cambayensis		A Paracharontid.

Plants

Plants from the Cambay Shale formation
Genus	Species	Stratigraphic position	Notes	Images
Pterospermoxylon	P. suratensis		An angiosperm.
Anthocephalophyllum	A. vastanicum		An angiosperm.
Ebenoxylon	E. cambayense		An angiosperm.
Gardeniophyllum	G. cambayum		An angiosperm.
Calophyllaceophyllum	C. eocenicum		An angiosperm.
Carallioipollenites	C. integerrimoides		An angiosperm known from fossilised pollen.
Gynocardia	G. eocenica		An angiosperm.

Color key Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon		Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.