Charolais cattle

The Charolais (French: [ʃaʁɔlɛ]) or Charolaise ([ʃaʁɔlɛz]) is a French breed of taurine beef cattle. It originates in, and is named for, the Charolais area surrounding Charolles, in the Saône-et-Loire department, in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of eastern France.

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Quick facts Conservation status, Other names ...

Charolais
Cow and calf
Conservation status	FAO (2007): not at risk^[1]^: 144
Other names	French: Charolaise
Country of origin	France
Distribution	Worldwide
Use	Beef
Traits
Weight	Male: 1000–1650 kg^[2]^: 153 Female: 700–1200 kg^[2]^: 153
Height	135–150 cm^[2]^: 153
Coat	white or cream-coloured
Horn status	horned in both sexes^[3]
Cattle Bos (primigenius) taurus

The Charolais is raised for meat. It has been used in the development of a number of taurindicine breeds such as the Brazilian Canchim, and may be used for cross-breeding with other breeds, among them the Aberdeen Angus and Hereford.

History

The Charolais is a traditional breed of the Charolais area surrounding Charolles, in the département of Saône-et-Loire in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of eastern France – for which it is named. Its range also extended into the Nivernais to the north-west.^[4]^: 164

The Charolais is the second-most numerous cattle breed in France after the Prim'Holstein, and is the most common beef breed in that country, ahead of the Limousin. At the end of 2014, France had 4.22 million head of Charolais, including 1.56 million cows, down 0.6% from a year earlier.^[5]

It is a world breed, reported to DAD-IS by 68 countries, of which 37 report population data. The world population is estimated at 730000. The largest populations are reported from the Czech Republic and Mexico.^[6] The breed was introduced to the southern United States from Mexico in 1934.^[7]

As the cradle of the Charolais cattle,^[8] the Charolais-Brionnais Country is applicant for the UNESCO's label as a World Heritage Site to preserve, consolidate and transmit this resource.^[9]

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Characteristics

It is among the heaviest of cattle breeds: bulls weigh from 1000 to 1650 kg (2200 to 3600 lb), and cows from 700 to 1200 kg (1500 to 2600 lb). The coat ranges from white to cream-coloured; the nose is uniformly pink.^[2]^: 153

The Charbray, a cross-breed with Brahman cattle, is recognised as a breed in some countries.^[10] The Brazilian Canchim is a composite breed with 5/8 Charolais and 3/8 Indu-Brasil.^[11] Other derived breeds include Charford and Char-Swiss in the United States.^[2]^: 153

Bull at the Salon international de l'agriculture in 2011
Bull in the Morvan
Feral bull in Sierra Nevada de Mérida, Venezuela
Cows at pasture in Burgundy
Embryo-transferred calves with their Aberdeen Angus and Hereford recipient dams
Cow in a field in Quebec

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History

Characteristics

See also

References

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