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Paramilitary forces of China
Military units and formations apart from the People's Liberation Army From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The paramilitary forces of the People's Republic of China are the military units and formations apart from the People's Liberation Army, the principal military force of the People's Republic of China. They are composed of three main forces, the People's Liberation Army Reserve Force, the People's Armed Police (PAP), and the Militia, and they act as auxiliaries to the active forces of the People's Liberation Army. They generally perform a wide range of roles.
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People's Armed Police
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The People's Armed Police Force[1][a] is a Chinese paramilitary organization[2]: 121 primarily responsible for internal security, riot control, counter-terrorism, disaster response, law enforcement and maritime rights protection[3] as well as providing support to the People's Liberation Army (PLA) during wartime.[4]: 87
Unlike the civilian People's Police,[b] the PAP[c] is a specialized paramilitary force reporting directly to the Central Military Commission (CMC) of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). PAP officers and soldiers wear dark olive green uniforms, different from pine green uniforms of the People's Liberation Army Ground Force (PLAGF) or the light blue and black uniforms of the People's Police. Additionally, People's Armed Police police officers are active duty service members and receive veteran's benefits.[5]Ministry of Public Security Active Service Forces
Ministry of Public Security Active Services Forces (MPSASF) (Chinese: 公安现役部队) was a term referring to three separate agencies under the command of the Ministry of Public Security however were composed of People's Armed Police personnel. Its name comes from the fact that since the personnel were considered PAP personnel, they were treated as active service military personnel.[6][7] After the Deepening the reform of the Party and state institutions in 2018, Border Defense Corps and Guard Corps personnel became People's Police personnel, while the China Fire Services were merged with the People's Armed Police Forestry Corps and became the China Fire and Rescue, making the use of the term defunct.[8]
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Militia
The Militia (Chinese: 民兵; pinyin: Mínbīng)[9] or Militia of China (Chinese: 中国民兵; pinyin: Zhōngguó Mínbīng) is the militia part of the armed forces of China, the other two parts being the People's Liberation Army (PLA) and the People's Armed Police (PAP).[9] The Militia is under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and serves as an auxiliary and reserve force for the PLA.[10] It is one of the largest militias in the world.
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People's Liberation Army Reserve Force
The Reserve Force of the People's Liberation Army is the military reserve force of the People's Liberation Army (PLA). It is composed of a trained force of (mostly retired veteran) civilians that retain an inactive military status, and are subject to fast mobilization.[11] in case of wartime or other crises, at which time they are transferred to active duty and their units activated into full service.
The reserve forces are organized as full units with a small number of active servicemen as an organizational skeleton, plus a larger body of reserve officers and soldiers in call-up ready state. Reserve units follow the unified organization of the PLA and are entered into the official PLA TOEs and order of battle. The PLA reserve forces are directly under the leadership of the Central Military Commission (CMC).[12] The National Defense Mobilization Department of the CMC manages the recruitment, unit assignment and mobilization structures.Production and Construction Corps
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The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (新疆生产建设兵团; abbreviated as 新疆兵团, or commonly as XPCC in English), also known as Bingtuan, trading with the external name China Xinjian Group,[13] is a state-owned enterprise and paramilitary organization in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China (PRC).
The XPCC was established in 1954 under the orders of Mao Zedong, and developed sparsely populated areas in its early decades, taking the model of the traditional tuntian system of setting military units in frontier areas. The XPCC was severely damaged during the Cultural Revolution, and was outright abolished in 1975, before being re-established in 1981, partly due to the Soviet-Afghan War. It re-established its economic dominance over Xinjiang afterwards, also being responsible for maintenance against the "three evils" (separatism, religious extremism, and terrorism). In its history, the XPCC has built farms, towns, and cities, provided land and employment to disbanded military units, and re-settled Han migrants from other parts of China in what has been called a campaign of assimilation and Sinicization of the local Uyghur population.Remove ads
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