Counts and dukes of Savoy

The titles of the count of Savoy, and then duke of Savoy, are titles of nobility attached to the historical territory of Savoy. Since its creation, in the 11th century, the House of Savoy held the county, the ruler of which was originally styled "count," then later as "duke"; several of these rulers were called "king" at one point in history or another.

Greater coat of arms of the King of Italy (1890–1946)

The County of Savoy was elevated to a duchy at the beginning of the 15th century, bringing together all the territories of the Savoyard state under Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy.^[1] In the 18th century, Victor Amadeus II annexed the Kingdom of Sardinia to the historical possessions of the Duchy, and from then on, the Savoyard dukes also held the title of Kings of Sardinia. The House of Savoy later went on to rule the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1946 when the monarchy was abolished.

Victor Amadeus II was the longest reigning monarch of Savoy, followed by Charles Emmanuel I, and Charles III or Amadeus VIII.

Rulers of Savoy

See also: List of monarchs of Sardinia, Unification of Italy, and Kings of Italy

House of Savoy

Partitions of Savoy under House of Savoy

County of Savoy (1000–1416)			County of Geneva (1394–1401)	Lordship of Nemours (1120–1274) Annexed to France Raised to Duchy (1404–1516)[a]
Lordship of Piedmont (1233–1418)	Barony of Vaud (1233–1359)[b]
Raised to: Duchy of Savoy (1416–1720)
			County of Geneva (1440–1724)	Duchy of Nemours (1516–1528)
Principality of Carignano (1620–1831)	County of Soissons (1656–1734)			In 1652 Nemours returned to France
	Raised and merged into: Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)
(Carignano line since 1831) Raised and unified as Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)

Table of rulers

Ruler		Born	Reign	Ruling part	Consort	Death	Notes
Humbert I the White-Handed		c.980 Maurienne Son of Amadeus, Count of Belley	1003 – 19 July 1048	County of Savoy	Ancilla c. 995/1000 four children	19 July 1048 Hermillon aged 67-68	First known member of the family and first owner of the county.
Amadeus I of the Tail		c.1016 First son of Humbert I and Ancilla	1048 – 1052	County of Savoy	Adila 1030 three children	c.1052 aged 35-36	Known by this nickname after appearing before Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor at Verona with a large "tail" of knights and vassals. Left no surviving descendants, beside his son, Aymon [fr], and a daughter who became Countess of Geneva. He was succeeded by his brother.
Otto		c.1020 Charbonnières Castle [fr] Fourth son of Humbert I and Ancilla	1052 – 1057	County of Savoy	Adelaide the Great, Marchioness of Turin 1046 five children	c.1057 Turin aged 36-37	Through his marriage with Adelaide, their descendants eventually inherited the important March of Turin.
Adelaide of Turin the Great		c.1020 Turin Daughter of Ulric Manfred II, Marquis of Turin and Bertha of Milan	1057 – 19 December 1091	County of Savoy (with the March of Turin)	Herman IV, Duke of Swabia 1036 no children Henry, Marquis of Montferrat 1041 no children Otto 1046 five children	19 December 1091 Canischio aged 36-37	Initially as regent for her children, she quickly took over the control of the County of Savoy, which ruled alongside her descendants until her death. She was also ruling, since 1034, the March of Turin. In 1078, Adelaide's co-rulers divided her possessions: her granddaughter Agnes and her husband co-ruled with her in Turin, while her second son Amadeus followed (also with her) in Savoy proper. After her death, Turin merged in Savoy.
Peter I		c. 1048 First son of Otto and Adelaide	1057 – 9 July 1078		Agnes of Aquitaine 1064 two children	9 July 1078 aged 29–30
Amadeus II		c. 1050 Second son of Otto and Adelaide	9 July 1078 – 26 January 1080	County of Savoy (in co-rulership)	Joan of Geneva c. 1065 four children	26 January 1080 aged 29–30
Agnes		c.1070 Daughter of Peter I and Agnes of Aquitaine	9 July 1078 – 29 June 1091	March of Turin (in co-rulership)	1080 two children	c.1115 aged 44-45
Frederick of Montbéliard		c.1045 Bar-le-Duc Son of Louis de Montbéliard [fr] and Sophie, Countess of Bar				29 June 1091 Turin aged 45-46
Humbert II the Reinforced[c]		c. 1065 Carignano Son of Amadeus II and Joan of Geneva	26 January 1080 – 14 October 1103	County of Savoy	Gisela of Burgundy 1090 seven children	14 October 1103 Moûtiers aged 37–38	Co-ruled with his grandmother until 1091. His nickname may be explained by his unusual height.
Regency of Gisela of Burgundy, Conon, Bishop of Maurienne [fr], Aymon I, Count of Geneva [fr] and Guy de Miribel (1103-1109)
Amadeus III the Crusader		c. 1095 Carignano Son of Humbert II and Gisela of Burgundy	14 October 1103 – 30 March 1148	County of Savoy	Adelaide 1120/23 no children Mahaut of Albon July 1134/1135 ten children	30 March 1148 Nicosia aged 52–53
Regency of Amadeus, Bishop of Lausanne (1148-1150)							Children of Amadeus III, divided their inheritance. Alix's properties were eventually inherited by her own descendants.
Humbert III the Blessed		4 August 1136 Avigliana Son of Amadeus III and Mahaut of Albon	30 March 1148 – 4 March 1189	County of Savoy	Faidiva of Toulouse c. 1151 no children Gertrude of Flanders 1155 no children Clementia of Zähringen 1164 two children Beatrice of Viennois 1175/77 one child	4 March 1189 Chambéry aged 52
Alix		1123 Daughter of Amadeus III and Adelaide	30 March 1148 – c.1160	County of Savoy (at Châteauneuf-en-Valromey, Virieu-le-Grand and Cordon-en-Bugey)[2][3]	Humbert III, Lord of Beaujeu 1140 five children	c.1160 aged 36-37?
Regency of Beatrice of Viennois and Boniface I, Marquis of Montferrat (1189-1191)
Thomas I the Friend of the Communes[d]		27 May 1178 Aiguebelle Son of Humbert III and Beatrice of Viennois	4 March 1189 – 1 March 1233	County of Savoy	Margaret of Geneva May 1196 fourteen children	1 March 1233 Moncalieri aged 54
Amadeus IV		1197 Montmélian First son of Thomas I and Margaret of Geneva	1 March 1233 – 24 June 1253	County of Savoy (at Savoy proper)	Margaret of Burgundy c 1217 two children Cecile of Baux, Passerose 1244 four children	24 June 1253 Montmélian aged 55-56	Children of Thomas I, divided their inheritance. Amadeus was the first in the family to call himself Count of Savoy . In 1239, Amadeus gave the lordships of Saint-Maurice and Monthey to his sister Margaret, which may have returned to Savoy after her death. The same may have happened to the properties of Aymon, who died with no descendants. Through marriage, Thomas II became also Count of Flanders. As with Peter, after his nephew's death with no descendants, he inherited the county of Savoy as a separate possession of his original barony, as both were inherited by different individuals after his own death.
Aymon		c.1200 Montmélian Third son of Thomas I and Margaret of Geneva	1 March 1233 – 30 August 1237	County of Savoy (at Agaune, Chablais, Chillon, Morges and Villeneuve)	Unmarried	30 August 1237 Montmélian aged 36-37
Margaret [fr]		1212 Daughter of Thomas I and Margaret of Geneva	1239 – September 1273	County of Savoy (at Saint-Maurice and Monthey)[4]	Hartmann IV, Count of Kyburg [de] 1 June 1218 Moudon no children Eberhard I, Count of Habsburg-Laufenburg [bg] November 1264 no children	September 1273 aged 60-61
Thomas II		1199 Montmélian Fifth son of Thomas I and Margaret of Geneva	1 March 1233 – 7 February 1259	Lordship of Piedmont	Joan, Countess of Flanders 2 April 1237 no children Beatrice Fieschi [it] 1251 six children	7 February 1259 Chambéry aged 21-22
Peter II the Little Charlemagne		1203 Susa Seventh son of Thomas I and Margaret of Geneva	1 March 1233 – 15 May 1268	Barony of Vaud	Agnes, Lady of Faucigny 1236 one child	15 May 1268 Château de Chillon or Pierre-Châtel aged 64-65
			June 1263 – 15 May 1268	County of Savoy
Regency of Cecile of Baux (1253-1260) and Thomas II, Lord of Piedmont (1253-1259)							Mortally wounded, died with no descendants. The county was inherited by his uncle Peter (then baron of Vaud).
Boniface		December 1244 Chambéry Son of Amadeus IV and Cecile of Baux	24 June 1253 – June 1263	County of Savoy	Unmarried	June 1263 Turin aged 18
Thomas III		1246 First son of Thomas II and Beatrice Fieschi [it]	7 February 1259 – 16 May 1282	Lordship of Piedmont	Guyonne of Burgundy (d.1316) May 1274 five children	16 May 1282 Saint-Genix-sur-Guiers aged 37-38
Philip I		1207 Aiguebelle Eighth son of Thomas I and Margaret of Geneva	15 May 1268 – 15 August 1285	County of Savoy (with Barony of Vaud from 1271)	Adelaide, Countess of Burgundy 12 June 1267 no issue	16 August 1285 Roussillon aged 78	Heirs of Peter II, redivided the inheritance. Beatrice abdicated of her father's barony to her uncle Philip, which determined the (brief) re-absortion of Vaud into her uncle's county of Savoy. She kept, however, her mother's lordship of Faucigny until her death, after which it passed to her descendants. Philip was the last count of the main line of Savoyard counts; afte his own death also with no children, the county was inherited by the Piedmont branch.
Beatrice		1237 Daughter of Peter II and Agnes, Lady of Faucigny	15 May 1268 – April 1310	Barony of Vaud (with Lordship of Faucigny; in Faucigny only since 1271)	Guigues VII, Dauphin of Viennois April 1253 three children Gaston VII, Viscount of Béarn 2 April 1273 no children	April 1310 Faucigny aged 72-73
Vaud returned (briefly) to Savoy; Faucigny inherited by the Dauphiné of Viennois
Regency of Guyonne of Burgundy and Otto IV, Count of Burgundy (1282-1292), with Adhémar of Roussillon, Archbishop of Lyon [fr] (1282-1283)
Philip		1278 Susa Son of Thomas III and Guyonne of Burgundy	16 May 1282 – 25 September 1334	Lordship of Piedmont	Isabella of Villehardouin, Princess of Achaea 12 February 1301 Rome three children Catherine de la Tour du Pin 1312 eleven children	25 September 1334 Pinerolo aged 55-56
Amadeus V the Great		1252 Le Bourget-du-Lac Second son of Thomas II, Lord of Piedmont and Beatrice Fieschi [it]	15 August 1285 – 16 October 1323	County of Savoy	Sybille of Bâgé 5 July 1272 eight children Marie of Brabant 1297 four children	16 October 1323 Avignon aged 73-74	Heirs of their uncle Philip I of Savoy, divided the gained inheritance.
Louis I		1253 Third son of Thomas II, Lord of Piedmont and Beatrice Fieschi [it]	15 August 1285 – 13 January 1302	Barony of Vaud	Adeline of Lorraine (1245-1278) c.1270 one child Jeanne of Montfort-Chambéon 1283 eleven children Isabelle d'Aulnay (1270-30 October 1341) 1 May 1301 no children	13 January 1302 Naples aged 48-49
Louis II		1283 Son of Louis I and Jeanne of Montfort-Chambéon	13 January 1302 – February 1349	Barony of Vaud	Isabelle de Chalon-Arlay (d.1359) 1309 three children	February 1349 aged 48-49
Edward the Liberal		8 February 1284 Baugé Second son of Amadeus V and Sybille of Bâgé	16 October 1323 – 4 November 1329	County of Savoy	Blanche of Burgundy 18 October 1307 Château de Montbard one daughter	4 November 1329 Gentilly aged 45	Left no male descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
Aymon the Peaceful		15 December 1291 Chambéry Third son of Amadeus V and Sybille of Bâgé	4 November 1329 – 22 June 1343	County of Savoy	Yolande Palaeologina of Montferrat 1 May 1330 Casale five children	22 June 1343 Montmélian aged 51	During his reign, he had his rule contested by his niece: Joan of Savoy, daughter of Edward and Blanche of Burgundy. She had the support of her husband, John III, Duke of Brittany. By agreement, settled by John II of France, on 22 November 1339, she renounced her rights of succession in return for an annual income of 6,000 livres.[5]
James		January 1315 Pinerolo Son of Philip and Catherine de la Tour du Pin	25 September 1334 – 17 May 1367	Lordship of Piedmont	Beatrice d'Este (d.1339) 1338 no children Sibylle de Baux (d.1361) 9 June 1339 one child Margaret of Beaujeu [it] 16 July 1362 two children	17 May 1367 Pinerolo aged 52
Regency of Louis II, Baron of Vaud and Amadeus III, Count of Geneva (1343-1349)
Amadeus VI the Green		4 January 1334 Chambéry Son of Aymon and Yolande Palaeologina of Montferrat	22 June 1343 – 1 March 1383	County of Savoy	Bonne of Bourbon 1355 Paris two children	1 March 1383 Naples aged 49
Catherine		1324 Daughter of Louis II and Isabelle de Chalon-Arlay	February 1349 – 1359	Barony of Vaud	Azzone Visconti 1331 one child Raoul II of Brienne, Count of Eu 1340 no children William I, Marquis of Namur March 1352 three children	18 June 1388 aged 63-64	In 1359, indebted, she sold the barony to the Count of Savoy, who united Vaud to the rest of the Savoyard possessions.
Vaud re-merged in Savoy
Regency of Margaret of Beaujeu [it] (1367-1377)							In the beginning of his rule, his mother's regency was contested by a pretender: Philip (II) of Piedmont (1367-1368), son of James and Sibylle de Baux, was the original heir, but was disinherited by his father, after warring with his cousin, Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy. He fought Margaret, who sought for help from the Count of Savoy. Amadeus VI captured the rebel in Fossano in 1368. Amadeus of Piedmont left no male heirs, and was succeeded by his brother Louis.
Amadeus		1363 Pinerolo First son of James and Margaret of Beaujeu [it]	17 May 1367 – 7 May 1402	Lordship of Piedmont	Catherine of Geneva 22 September 1380 Duingt Castle [fr] four children	7 May 1402 Pinerolo aged 38-39
Regency of Bonne of Bourbon (1383-1384)
Amadeus VII the Red		24 February 1360 Avigliana Son of Amadeus VI and Bonne of Bourbon	1 March 1383 – 1 November 1391	County of Savoy	Bonne of Berry 18 January 1377 Paris three children	1 November 1391 Château de Ripaille [fr] aged 31
Regency of Bonne of Bourbon and Odon de Villars [fr] (1391-1398)							Abdicated in 1440 to join clergy. Between 1439 and 1449, he was also Antipope Felix V.
Amadeus VIII the Peaceful		4 September 1383 Chambéry Son of Amadeus VII and Bonne of Berry	1 November 1391 – 6 January 1440	County of Savoy (until 1416) Duchy of Savoy (from 1416)	Mary of Burgundy 11 November 1386 Sluis nine children	7 January 1451 Château de Ripaille [fr] aged 67
Louis		1364 Pinerolo Second son of James and Margaret of Beaujeu [it]	7 May 1402 – 11 December 1418	Lordship of Piedmont	Bona of Savoy [it] 24 January 1403 no children	11 December 1418 Pinerolo aged 53-54	Founded, in 1405, the University of Turin. Left no legitimate male heirs. After his death Piedmont reverted to Savoy.
Piedmont annexed to Savoy
Louis the Generous		21 February 1413 Geneva Fourth son of Amadeus VIII and Mary of Burgundy	6 January 1440 – 29 January 1465	Duchy of Savoy (at Savoy proper)	Anne of Cyprus 1 November 1433 (or 12 February 1434) Chambéry seventeen children	29 January 1465 Lyon aged 51	Children of Amadeus VIII, divided their inheritance. After Philip's death Geneva returned to Savoy.
Philip [it]		1417 Château de Ripaille [fr] Fifth son of Amadeus VIII and Mary of Burgundy	6 January 1440 – 3 March 1444	Duchy of Savoy (at Geneva)	Unmarried	3 March 1444 Annecy aged 67
Amadeus IX the Saint		1 February 1435 Thonon-les-Bains First son of Louis and Anne of Cyprus	29 January 1465 – 30 March 1472	Duchy of Savoy (at Savoy proper)	Yolande of Valois 1452 ten children	30 March 1472 Vercelli aged 37	Children of Louis, divided their inheritance. Louis became King of Cyprus jure uxoris in 1459. In 1476, Jacques returned his barony to the main duchy.
Louis		5 June 1436 Geneva Second son of Louis and Anne of Cyprus	29 January 1465 – August 1482	County of Geneva	Annabella of Scotland 14 December 1444 Stirling Castle no children Charlotte, Queen of Cyprus 7 October 1459 one child	August 1482 Ripaille aged 46
Jacques		12 November 1450 Geneva Ninth son of Louis and Anne of Cyprus	29 January 1465 – 1476	Duchy of Savoy (at Vaud)	Marie I, Countess of Saint-Pol and Soissons 1484 one child	30 June 1486 Château de Ham aged 67
Regency of Yolande of Valois (1472-1479)
Philibert I the Hunter		17 August 1465 Chambéry Third son of Amadeus IX and Yolande of Valois	30 March 1472 – 22 September 1482	Duchy of Savoy	Bianca Maria Sforza January 1474 no children	22 September 1482 Lyon aged 17
Janus [fr]		8 November 1440 Geneva Fifth son of Louis and Anne of Cyprus	August 1482 – 22 December 1491	County of Geneva	Helena of Luxembourg (d.1488)1465 one child Madeleine de de Brosse 1488 no children	22 December 1491 Annecy aged 51	Brother of Louis. Left no male descendants. Geneva returned to Savoy.
Geneva returned to Savoy
Charles I the Warrior		28 March 1468 Carignano Fifth son of Amadeus IX and Yolande of Valois	22 September 1482 – 13 March 1490	Duchy of Savoy	Blanche of Montferrat 1 April 1485 two children	13 March 1490 Pinerolo aged 21
Regency of Blanche of Montferrat (1490-1496)							Died as a child. Despite his sister being the heiress, the Duchy passed to his uncle Philip.
Charles II the Child		23 June 1489 Turin Son of Charles I and Blanche of Montferrat	13 March 1490 – 16 April 1496	Duchy of Savoy	Unmarried	16 April 1496 Moncalieri aged 6
Philip II the Landless		4 February 1438 Chambéry Fifth son of Louis and Anne of Cyprus	30 March 1472 – 22 September 1482	Duchy of Savoy	Marguerite de Bourbon 6 April 1472 Moulins three children Claudine de Brosse 11 November 1485 Moulins six children	7 November 1497 Chambéry aged 59
Philibert II the Handsome[e]		10 April 1480 Pont-d'Ain Son of Philip II and Margaret of Bourbon	7 November 1497 – 10 September 1504	Duchy of Savoy	Yolande Louise of Savoy 1496 no children Margaret of Austria 2 December 1501 Romainmôtier no children	10 September 1504 Pont-d'Ain aged 24
Charles III the Good		10 October 1486 Chazey-sur-Ain First son of Philip II and Claudine de Brosse	10 September 1504 – 17 August 1553	Duchy of Savoy	Beatrice of Portugal 29 September 1521 Villefranche-sur-Mer nine children	17 August 1553 Vercelli aged 66	Brothers and sisters of Philibert II, expanded the Savoyard domain. Philiberta, as widow of the Duke of Nemours, inherited this duchy and passed it to her sister Louise, who adicated to her brother Philip. Charles gave to his brother Philip the County of Geneva, to which he annexed also the Duchy of Nemours. In contrast, Savoy itself lost some important lands. Vaud, for example, was sold to Switzerland in 1536.
Philip		1490 Bourg-en-Bresse Third son of Philip II and Claudine de Brosse	14 August 1514 – 25 November 1533	County of Geneva (with Duchy of Nemours since 1528)	Charlotte of Orléans-Longueville (1512-1549) October 1528 two children	25 November 1533 Marseille aged 66
Philiberta [it]		1487 Daughter of Philip II and Claudine de Brosse	17 March 1516 – 4 April 1524	Duchy of Nemours	Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours 22 February 1515 Paris no children	4 April 1524 Virieu aged 36-37
Louise		11 September 1476 Pont-d'Ain Daughter of Philip II and Margaret of Bourbon	4 April 1524 – 22 December 1528	Duchy of Nemours	Charles, Count of Angoulême 16 February 1488 Paris two children	22 September 1531 Grez-sur-Loing aged 55
Regency of Charlotte of Orléans-Longueville (1533-1549)
Jacques		12 October 1531 Vauluisant Son of Philip and Charlotte of Orléans-Longueville	25 November 1533 – 18 June 1585	County of Geneva (with Duchy of Nemours)	Anna d'Este 29 April 1566 four children	18 June 1585 Annecy aged 53
Emmanuel Philibert the Iron-headed		8 July 1528 Chambéry Son of Charles III and Beatrice of Portugal	17 August 1553 – 30 August 1580	Duchy of Savoy	Margaret of France 9 July 1559 Saint-Paul's Church, Paris one child	30 August 1580 Turin aged 52
Charles Emmanuel I the Great[f]		12 January 1562 Castle of Rivoli Son of Emmanuel Philibert and Margaret of France	30 August 1580 – 26 July 1630	Duchy of Savoy	Catalina Micaela of Spain 18 March 1585 Zaragoza ten children	26 July 1630 Savigliano aged 68
Charles Emmanuel		12 February 1567 Nanteuil-le-Haudouin First son of Jacques and Anna d'Este	15 June 1585 – 13 August 1595	County of Geneva (with Duchy of Nemours)	Unmarried	13 August 1595 Annecy aged 28
Henry I		2 November 1572 Paris Second son of Jacques and Anna d'Este	13 August 1595 – 10 July 1632	County of Geneva (with Duchy of Nemours)	Anna of Lorraine-Aumale [fr] 18 April 1618 four children	10 July 1632 Paris aged 59	Through his marriage, Henry inherits the Duchy of Aumale, which was recovered for her by France after being confiscated from her father.
Victor Amadeus I the Lion of Susa		8 May 1587 Turin Second son of Charles Emmanuel I and Catalina Micaela of Spain	26 July 1630 – 7 October 1637	Duchy of Savoy	Christine Marie of France 10 February 1619 Louvre Palace eight children	7 October 1637 Turin aged 50	Children of Charles Emmanuel, divided their inheritance.
Thomas Francis		21 December 1596 Turin Fifth son of Charles Emmanuel I and Catalina Micaela of Spain	26 July 1630[6] – 22 January 1656	Principality of Carignano	Marie de Bourbon, Countess of Soissons 14 April 1625 Paris seven children	22 January 1656 Turin aged 59
Louis I		1615 Paris First son of Henry I and Anna of Lorraine-Aumale [fr]	10 July 1632 – 16 September 1641	County of Geneva (with Duchy of Nemours)	Unmarried	16 September 1641 Aire-sur-la-Lys aged 20-21	Left no children. The inheritance passed to his brother.
Regency of Christine Marie of France (1637-1638)							Died as a child. He was succeeded by his brother.
Francis Hyacinth		14 September 1632 Castello del Valentino Second son of Victor Amadeus I and Christine Marie of France	7 October 1637 – 4 October 1638	Duchy of Savoy	Unmarried	4 October 1638 Castello del Valentino aged 6
Regency of Christine Marie of France (1638-1663)
Charles Emmanuel II		20 June 1634 Turin Third son of Victor Amadeus I and Christine Marie of France	4 October 1638 – 12 June 1675	Duchy of Savoy	Françoise Madeleine d'Orléans 4 March 1663 Louvre Palace no children Marie Jeanne, Countess of Geneva 10 May 1665 Turin one child	12 June 1675 Turin aged 40
Charles Amadeus		12 April 1624 Paris Second son of Henry I and Anna of Lorraine-Aumale [fr]	16 September 1641 – 30 July 1652	County of Geneva (with Duchy of Nemours)	Élisabeth de Bourbon 11 July 1643 Louvre Palace six children	30 July 1652 Paris aged 28	Left no male children. The inheritance passed to his brother.
Henry II		7 November 1625 Paris Third son of Henry I and Anna of Lorraine-Aumale [fr]	30 July 1652 – 4 January 1659	County of Geneva (with Duchy of Nemours)	Marie of Orléans-Longueville 22 May 1657 Trie no children	4 January 1659 Paris aged 33	Left the ecclesiastical career (and his post as Archbishop of Reims) to succeed his brother. Henry left no children. After his death, Geneva was inherited by his niece, succession not recognized in Nemours, which led to its annexation to France.
Nemours annexed to France
Emmanuel Philibert the Mute		20 August 1628 Moûtiers First son of Thomas Francis and Marie de Bourbon, Countess of Soissons	22 January 1656 – 23 April 1709	Principality of Carignano	Maria Caterina d'Este 11 November 1684 Castle of Racconigi four children	23 April 1709 Palazzo Carignano aged 80	Children of Thomas Francis, divided their patrimony. Emmanuel inherited Carignano, and his brother Eugene the County of Soissons.
Eugene Maurice		2 March 1635 Chambéry Fourth son of Thomas Francis and Marie de Bourbon, Countess of Soissons	22 January 1656 – 6 June 1673	County of Soissons	Olympia Mancini 24 February 1657 eight children	6 June 1673 Unna aged 38
Marie Jeanne		11 April 1644 Paris Daughter of Charles Amadeus and Élisabeth de Bourbon	4 January 1659 – 15 March 1724	County of Geneva	Charles Emmanuel II 10 May 1665 Turin one child	15 March 1724 Palazzo Madama, Turin aged 79	Heir of Geneva, Aumale and other teritoies but not of Nemours, annexed to France. In 1686, she sold Aumale to Louis Auguste de Bourbon. The county of Geneva passed to her son, the Duke of Savoy.
Geneva inherited by Savoy
Louis Thomas		15 December 1657 Paris Son of Eugene Maurice and Olympia Mancini	6 June 1673 – 14 August 1702	County of Soissons	Uranie de la Cropte de Beauvais (1655-1717) 24 February 1657 six children	14 August 1702 near Landau aged 44
Regency of Marie Jeanne, Countess of Geneva (1675-1684)							In 1720, he conquered the island-kingdom of Sardinia, but ruled it from Turin.
Victor Amadeus II		14 May 1666 Turin Son of Charles Emmanuel II and Marie Jeanne, Countess of Geneva	12 June 1675 – 17 February 1720 17 February 1720 – 3 September 1730	Duchy of Savoy Kingdom of Sardinia	Anne Marie d'Orléans 10 April 1684 Versailles six children Anna Canalis di Cumiana 12 August 1730 Chapel of the Holy Shroud (morganatic) no children	31 October 1732 Castle of Rivoli aged 66
Thomas Emmanuel		8 December 1687 Paris Fourth son of Thomas Francis and Marie de Bourbon, Countess of Soissons	14 August 1702 – 28 December 1729	County of Soissons	Maria Theresia of Liechtenstein, Duchess of Opava 24 October 1713 Vienna one child	28 December 1729 Vienna aged 42
Victor Amadeus I		1 March 1690 Turin Son of Emmanuel Philibert and Maria Caterina d'Este	23 April 1709 – 4 April 1741	Principality of Carignano	Maria Vittoria of Savoy 7 November 1714 Moncalieri Castle five children	4 April 1741 Turin aged 51
Regency of Maria Theresia of Liechtenstein (1729-1732)							After his death with no descendants, Soissons returned to the Crown of France.
Eugene John		23 September 1714 Vienna Son of Thomas Emmanuel and Maria Theresia of Liechtenstein	28 December 1729 – 23 November 1734	County of Soissons	Unmarried	23 November 1734 Mannheim aged 20
Soissons annexed to France
Charles Emmanuel III		27 April 1701 Turin Son of Victor Amadeus II and Anne Marie d'Orléans	3 September 1730 – 20 February 1773	Kingdom of Sardinia	Anne Christine of Sulzbach 15 March 1722 one child Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg 20 August 1724 six children Elisabeth Therese of Lorraine 5 March 1737 three children	20 February 1773 Turin aged 72
Louis Victor		25 September 1721 Hôtel de Soissons Son of Victor Amadeus I and Maria Vittoria of Savoy	4 April 1741 – 16 December 1778	Principality of Carignano	Christine Henriette of Hesse-Rotenburg 12 April 1842 Palazzina di Caccia di Stupinigi eight children	16 December 1778 Palazzo Carignano aged 57
Victor Amadeus III		26 June 1726 Turin Son of Charles Emmanuel III and Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg	20 February 1773 – 16 October 1796	Kingdom of Sardinia	Maria Antonia of Spain 31 May 1750 twelve children	16 October 1796 Moncalieri aged 70
Victor Amadeus II		31 October 1743 Palazzo Carignano Son of Louis Victor and Christine Henriette of Hesse-Rotenburg	16 December 1778 – 10 September 1780	Principality of Carignano	Joséphine of Lorraine 18 October 1768 Oulx one child	10 September 1780 Turin aged 36
Regency of Joséphine of Lorraine (1780-1788)
Charles Emmanuel		24 October 1770 Palazzo Carignano Son of Victor Amadeus II and Joséphine of Lorraine	10 September 1780 – 16 August 1800	Principality of Carignano	Maria Christina of Saxony 24 October 1797 Tuin two children	16 August 1800 Paris aged 29
Charles Emmanuel IV		24 May 1751 Turin First son of Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia and Maria Antonia of Spain	16 October 1796 – 4 June 1802	Kingdom of Sardinia	Marie Clotilde of France 27 August 1775 no children	6 October 1819 Rome aged 68	Left no children. He was succeeded by his brother.
Victor Emmanuel I		24 July 1759 Turin Third son of Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia and Maria Antonia of Spain	4 June 1802 – 12 March 1821	Kingdom of Sardinia	Maria Teresa of Austria-Este 21 April 1789 seven children	10 January 1824 Moncalieri aged 65	Left no children. He was succeeded by his brother.
Charles Felix		6 April 1765 Turin Fifth son of Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia and Maria Antonia of Spain	12 March 1821 – 27 April 1831	Kingdom of Sardinia	Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily 7 March 1807 no children	27 April 1831 Turin aged 66	Left no children. He was succeeded by his cousin.
Regency of Maria Christina of Saxony (1800-1816)							After his cousin's death with no descendants, the Carignano branch inherited the main Kingdom of Sardinia.
Charles Albert		2 October 1798 Turin Son of Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Carignano and Maria Christina of Saxony	16 August 1800 – 27 April 1831	Principality of Carignano	Maria Theresa of Austria 30 September 1817 Florence three children	28 July 1849 Porto aged 50
			27 April 1831 – 23 March 1849	Kingdom of Sardinia (Carignano branch)
Victor Emmanuel II the Gallant		14 March 1820 Palazzo Carignano Son of Charles Albert and Maria Theresa of Austria	23 March 1849 – 17 March 1861 17 March 1861 – 9 January 1878	Kingdom of Sardinia (Carignano branch) Kingdom of Italy	Adelaide of Austria 12 April 1842 Palazzina di Caccia di Stupinigi eight children Rosa Vercellana 18 October 1869 Pisa (morganatic) two children	9 January 1878 Quirinal Palace aged 57	Acquired land in Lombardy–Venetia and the Papal States, uniting most of the Italian Peninsula.
Umberto I the Good[7]		14 March 1844 Turin Son of Victor Emmanuel II and Adelaide of Austria	9 January 1878 – 29 July 1900	Kingdom of Italy	Margherita of Savoy 22 Apil 1868 Turin one child	29 July 1900 Monza aged 56	Acquired land in modern-day Eritrea and Somalia, being the first Italian King to have a colonial empire. Died assassinated.
Victor Emmanuel III		11 November 1869 Naples Son of Umberto I and Margherita of Savoy	29 July 1900 – 9 May 1946	Kingdom of Italy	Elena of Montenegro 21 October 1896 Bari five children	28 December 1947 Alexandria aged 78	Acquired land in Libya, South Tyrol, and the Istria during World War I. Reigned during the Fascist Period, while also gaining a bit more land in Libya and occupied Ethiopia. He reigned during World War II, in which he surrendered to the Allies. Abdicated in favor of his son, Umberto in 1946 before departing to Egypt.
Umberto II the May King		15 September 1904 Racconigi Son of Victor Emmanuel III and Elena of Montenegro	9 May – 12 June 1946	Kingdom of Italy	Marie-José of Belgium the May Queen 8 January 1930 Quirinal Palace four children	18 March 1983 Geneva aged 78	The last King of Italy. On 2 June, the Italians voted for a Republic, and the Monarchy was abolished on 12 June.[8]

Pretenders to the throne

Name	Photo	Birth	Death	Became Head	Ceased to be Head
Umberto II		15 September 1904	18 March 1983	9 May 1946[9]	18 March 1983

Disputed Claimants

After the death of Umberto II in 1983, Prince Vittorio Emanuele succeeded him. On 7 July 2006, Amadeo claimed that Vittorio Emanuel had lost his royal rights when he married without Umberto II's permission in 1971, in which Amadeo declared himself the Head of the Royal House on the same day.

Descendants of Umberto II

Name	Photo	Birth	Death	Became Head	Ceased to be Head
Vittorio Emanuele		12 February 1937	3 February 2024	18 March 1983	3 February 2024
Emanuele Filiberto		22 June 1972	Still living	3 February 2024	Still claims the throne

Descendants of Amadeo I of Spain

Name	Photo	Birth	Death	Became Head	Ceased to be Head
Prince Amedeo		27 September 1943	1 June 2021	7 July 2006	1 June 2021
Prince Aimone		13 October 1967	Still living	1 June 2021	Still claims the throne

See also

• House of Savoy
• History of Savoy
• List of consorts of Savoy
• County of Savoy
• Duchy of Savoy
• Kingdom of Sardinia
• List of monarchs of Sardinia
• List of Sardinian consorts
• Kingdom of Italy
• King of Italy
• List of Italian queens

Notes

1. Duchy ruled successively by Évreux (1404–1504), Foix (1507–1512) and Medici families (1515–1516)
2. Between 1271 and 1285, Vaud was briefly annexed to the main county of Savoy.
3. Alternatively nicknamed the Fat.
4. Alternatively nicknamed the Ghibelline.
5. Alternatively nicknamed the Good.
6. Alternatively nicknamed The Hot-headed.