1,1'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene

1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene, commonly abbreviated dppf, is an organophosphorus compound commonly used as a ligand in homogeneous catalysis. It contains a ferrocene moiety in its backbone, and is related to other bridged diphosphines such as 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe).

1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)­ferrocene

Names
Preferred IUPAC name (Ferrocene-1,1′-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphane)
Other names 1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene, 1,1′-ferrocenediylbis(diphenylphosphine), Dppf, 1,1′-ferrocenebis(diphenylphosphine), 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocene
Identifiers
CAS Number	12150-46-8 Y[chemspider]
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:30743 Y
ChemSpider	21865114 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.167.773
EC Number	640-119-0
Gmelin Reference	24075
PubChem CID	635956
UNII	L7Z23UWS3H Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID20897535
InChI InChI=1S/2C17H14P.Fe/c2*1-3-9-15(10-4-1)18(17-13-7-8-14-17)16-11-5-2-6-12-16;/h2*1-14H; Y Key: HPXNTHKXCYMIJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1/2C17H14P.Fe/c2*1-3-9-15(10-4-1)18(17- -13-7-8-14-17)16-11-5-2-6-12-16;/h2*1-14H;/q2*-1;+2 Key: HPXNTHKXCYMIJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1/2C17H14P.Fe/c2*1-3-9-15(10-4-1)18(17-13-7-8-14-17)16-11-5-2-6-12-16;/h2*1-14H;/rC34H28FeP2/c1-5-13-21(14-6-1)36(22-15-7-2-8-16-22)33-29-25-26-30(33)35(25,26,29,33)27-28(35)32(35)34(35,31(27)35)37(23-17-9-3-10-18-23)24-19-11-4-12-20-24/h1-20,25-32H Key: HPXNTHKXCYMIJL-KDKHWAOJAX
SMILES c1ccc(cc1)P(c2ccccc2)C34C5[Fe]3678912(C5C6C74)C3C8C9C1(C23)P(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 C1=CC=C(C=C1)P([C-]2C=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3.C1=CC=C(C=C1)P([C-]2C=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3.[Fe+2]
Properties
Chemical formula	C34H28FeP2
Molar mass	554.391
Melting point	181 to 183 °C (358 to 361 °F; 454 to 456 K)
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Toxic
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H302, H312, H315, H319, H332
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

Preparation

This compound is commercially available. It may be prepared by treating dilithioferrocene with chlorodiphenylphosphine:^[1]

Fe(C₅H₄Li)₂ + 2 ClPPh₂ → Fe(C₅H₄PPh₂)₂ + 2 LiCl

The dilithiation of ferrocene is easily achieved with n-butyllithium in the presence of TMEDA. Many related ligands can be made in this way. The Fe center is typically not involved in the behavior of the ligand.

Reactions

Dppf readily forms metal complexes.^[2] The palladium derivative, (dppf)PdCl₂, which is popular for palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions, is prepared by treating dppf with the acetonitrile or benzonitrile adducts of palladium dichloride:^[2] Substitution of the phenyl substituents in dppf leads to derivatives with modified donor-acceptor properties at the phosphorus atoms.^[3]

dppf + PdCl₂(RCN)₂ → (dppf)PdCl₂ + 2 RCN (RCN = acetonitrile or benzonitrile)

Structure of the complex PtCl₂(dppf)

Another example of dppf in homogeneous catalysis is provided by the air- and moisture-stable Ni(II) precatalyst [(dppf)Ni(cinnamyl)Cl. It promotes Suzuki-Miyuara cross-coupling of heteroaryl boronic acids with nitrogen- and sulfur-containing heteroaryl halides.^[4]

Synthesis of [(dppf)Ni(cinnamyl)Cl)]

Another dppf-based catalyst is (dppf)Ni(o-tolyl)Cl, can be prepared from ligand exchange with (PPh₃)₂Ni(o-tolyl)Cl. It promotes the amination of aryl chlorides, sulfamates, mesylates, and triflates.^[5]

Synthesis of (dppf)Ni(o-tolyl)Cl

See also

• Diphosphines
• borrowing hydrogen catalysis